WEBVTT 00:00:03.144 --> 00:00:04.890 (gavel bangs) 00:00:04.890 --> 00:00:06.970 This meeting of the Public Utility Commission of Texas 00:00:06.970 --> 00:00:08.440 will come to order to consider matters 00:00:08.440 --> 00:00:09.420 that have been duly posted 00:00:09.420 --> 00:00:13.190 with the Secretary of State of Texas for July 1st, 2021. 00:00:13.190 --> 00:00:14.840 For the record, my name is Peter Lake. 00:00:14.840 --> 00:00:17.340 And with me today are Lori Cobos and Will McAdams. 00:00:18.255 --> 00:00:20.400 At this time, we will open up for public comment. 00:00:20.400 --> 00:00:22.360 Invited oral testimony related 00:00:22.360 --> 00:00:25.660 to a specific agenda item will be heard 00:00:25.660 --> 00:00:27.313 when that item is taken up. 00:00:28.150 --> 00:00:31.680 This public comment is for general comments related 00:00:31.680 --> 00:00:32.513 to today's agenda. 00:00:32.513 --> 00:00:35.420 Only speakers will be limited to three minutes each. 00:00:35.420 --> 00:00:37.410 Operator, could you please come on in 00:00:37.410 --> 00:00:39.870 and provide instructions to the public 00:00:39.870 --> 00:00:43.570 on how they can be recognized if they would like to speak? 00:00:43.570 --> 00:00:44.450 Ladies and gentlemen, 00:00:44.450 --> 00:00:45.780 if you wish to ask a comment, 00:00:45.780 --> 00:00:49.783 please press one then zero, one then zero. 00:00:58.650 --> 00:01:00.070 We have one, couple of comments. 00:01:00.070 --> 00:01:02.243 We'll have names for you in just a moment here. 00:01:27.690 --> 00:01:28.523 One moment. 00:01:36.610 --> 00:01:38.853 Drew Gormley, you're open. Please go ahead. 00:01:41.840 --> 00:01:44.360 Good morning Commissioners. Can you hear me? 00:01:44.360 --> 00:01:45.510 Yes, we can hear you. 00:01:46.489 --> 00:01:47.322 Thank you. 00:01:47.322 --> 00:01:48.870 So, I appreciate your time this morning. 00:01:48.870 --> 00:01:53.870 This is in regards to Docket 52079 for Energy Monger. 00:01:54.866 --> 00:01:56.360 We'll, Drew, I really wanted to, 00:01:56.360 --> 00:01:58.150 Why don't we take that up during, on that, 00:01:58.150 --> 00:02:00.740 why don't we take that up on that item? 00:02:00.740 --> 00:02:02.110 We'll have you Okay. 00:02:02.110 --> 00:02:04.120 Testify on that item when we get there. 00:02:04.120 --> 00:02:04.980 Does that work? 00:02:04.980 --> 00:02:06.261 Okay. Sounds good. 00:02:06.261 --> 00:02:07.510 Yes. Okay. 00:02:07.510 --> 00:02:08.380 Thanks. 00:02:08.380 --> 00:02:09.580 One moment. 00:02:13.030 --> 00:02:14.463 Jamie Sloss, you're open. 00:02:19.390 --> 00:02:20.223 Jamie, you're open on your end. 00:02:20.223 --> 00:02:22.820 I don't know if we're muted. Okay. 00:02:22.820 --> 00:02:27.820 So, basically my question is if Commissioner Peter Lake 00:02:30.550 --> 00:02:34.500 and Will McAdams are familiar 00:02:34.500 --> 00:02:39.500 with the rights of parties, which is 22.102(b), 00:02:43.760 --> 00:02:44.860 the rights to parties. 00:02:47.650 --> 00:02:50.100 That's a yes or no. If you're familiar with that. 00:02:53.230 --> 00:02:54.870 You're welcome to bring any issues 00:02:54.870 --> 00:02:57.490 to the Commission's attention you like, 00:02:57.490 --> 00:02:58.840 Mr. Sloss, please continue. 00:03:00.820 --> 00:03:02.780 Yeah, well, that's an issue I brought up 00:03:02.780 --> 00:03:04.820 to you guys about three, 00:03:04.820 --> 00:03:06.960 this is the third time I'm bringing it up 00:03:06.960 --> 00:03:10.210 besides on my closing arguments and on the, 00:03:10.210 --> 00:03:11.683 on the oral argument, 00:03:13.580 --> 00:03:14.890 and I'm not sure if you're familiar 00:03:14.890 --> 00:03:19.890 with the Subchapter section 22.102(b) rights of parties, 00:03:23.760 --> 00:03:25.333 because you guys made a ruling. 00:03:26.880 --> 00:03:29.887 You guys denied me the rehearing. 00:03:32.840 --> 00:03:36.540 And quite frankly, I don't think I need a rehearing because 00:03:39.370 --> 00:03:42.190 it's very obvious why AEC does not want me 00:03:43.210 --> 00:03:46.287 to cross examine their witness, which is my rights. 00:03:49.410 --> 00:03:53.490 So, you guys denied me my right to party. 00:03:53.490 --> 00:03:58.490 You guys denied me the rehearing, and you voted, 00:03:58.810 --> 00:04:03.810 you took up the proposal for decision by David, 00:04:04.760 --> 00:04:09.760 who also took into consideration the affidavit of witnesses 00:04:11.670 --> 00:04:16.670 on behalf of AET, but this denied me the right of parties 00:04:17.630 --> 00:04:19.333 to cross examine all witnesses. 00:04:20.280 --> 00:04:21.450 Now, somebody brought it 00:04:21.450 --> 00:04:22.980 to my attention that, yes, You have one minute. 00:04:22.980 --> 00:04:26.210 To present a witness, 00:04:26.210 --> 00:04:28.470 but in the rights of parties, 00:04:28.470 --> 00:04:33.210 it says that I have a right to cross examine all witnesses. 00:04:33.210 --> 00:04:35.070 So, if you're going to sit in that chair 00:04:35.070 --> 00:04:36.930 where you're sitting right now 00:04:36.930 --> 00:04:40.350 and you don't know what you're in charge of, 00:04:40.350 --> 00:04:44.453 then I ask that you step down, 00:04:45.540 --> 00:04:48.493 tell Greg that you're not able to carry out the duties 00:04:49.697 --> 00:04:51.760 that you are holding 00:04:51.760 --> 00:04:54.150 'cause you don't know what you're doing up there. 00:04:54.150 --> 00:04:56.950 And I ask you and Will to step down 00:04:57.950 --> 00:04:59.570 because you're obviously not familiar 00:04:59.570 --> 00:05:02.310 with the rights to parties. 00:05:02.310 --> 00:05:05.810 And there's probably a lot more you're not familiar with. 00:05:05.810 --> 00:05:08.538 So, Lori didn't get an opportunity 00:05:08.538 --> 00:05:13.538 to vote on the rehearing, but you and Will did. 00:05:14.890 --> 00:05:16.810 So, I'm asking you to step down 00:05:16.810 --> 00:05:18.873 since you don't know what you're doing up there. 00:05:22.190 --> 00:05:24.240 Thank you for your comments, Mr. Sloss. 00:05:25.253 --> 00:05:26.800 (phone ringing) 00:05:26.800 --> 00:05:28.250 There are no other comments at this point. 00:05:28.250 --> 00:05:29.083 Please continue. 00:05:31.830 --> 00:05:33.410 Thank you, Art. 00:05:33.410 --> 00:05:35.520 With no other speakers wanting to address the Commission, 00:05:35.520 --> 00:05:38.003 public comment is now closed. 00:05:38.930 --> 00:05:42.340 This is a work session 00:05:42.340 --> 00:05:45.480 where we typically do not take up formal action items, 00:05:45.480 --> 00:05:48.420 but due to some accelerated timelines 00:05:48.420 --> 00:05:49.530 and deadline restrictions, 00:05:49.530 --> 00:05:52.620 we will be required to take up one formal item 00:05:52.620 --> 00:05:54.173 for action today. 00:05:55.240 --> 00:05:58.043 Mr. Jernay, could you lay that out for us? 00:05:59.050 --> 00:06:01.790 Item one is Docket Number 52079. 00:06:01.790 --> 00:06:03.620 It's the Commission staff's petition 00:06:03.620 --> 00:06:07.283 to revoke the rep certificate of Energy Monger. 00:06:08.180 --> 00:06:09.013 Thank you, sir. 00:06:09.013 --> 00:06:10.120 I know we've got invited testimony. 00:06:10.120 --> 00:06:11.683 We'll go ahead and hear that at this time, 00:06:11.683 --> 00:06:13.790 if that works for you. 00:06:13.790 --> 00:06:14.888 Yes, chairman. 00:06:14.888 --> 00:06:17.910 So, I will be recusing myself from this decision 00:06:17.910 --> 00:06:20.113 due to my participation in the case at OPUC. 00:06:21.830 --> 00:06:23.180 Noted. Thank you. 00:06:24.150 --> 00:06:27.790 Operator, I believe we have a speaker for this item. 00:06:27.790 --> 00:06:28.840 Please bring them on. 00:06:30.540 --> 00:06:33.293 If you have a comment, please press one zero. 00:06:38.402 --> 00:06:39.319 One moment. 00:06:42.490 --> 00:06:45.020 Drew, you're open. Please, go ahead. 00:06:45.020 --> 00:06:47.500 Thank you. Good morning, Commissioners. 00:06:47.500 --> 00:06:50.310 I appreciate the time that you're giving me 00:06:50.310 --> 00:06:52.820 to really have an open discussion 00:06:52.820 --> 00:06:57.640 with you just very quickly about Energy Monger 00:06:57.640 --> 00:07:01.003 and you know, the events that occurred to us. 00:07:02.230 --> 00:07:06.440 Really, what I wanted to just state a few facts is, 00:07:06.440 --> 00:07:08.720 first of all, the settlement that we agreed to 00:07:08.720 --> 00:07:11.130 with the Public Utility Commission and ERCOT, 00:07:11.130 --> 00:07:13.160 you know, I stand by that. 00:07:13.160 --> 00:07:14.880 I did sign it. 00:07:14.880 --> 00:07:18.290 I felt that we were really, our backs were against the wall. 00:07:18.290 --> 00:07:21.560 We didn't have much leverage. We're out of cash. 00:07:21.560 --> 00:07:23.453 We're basically an insolvent company. 00:07:24.630 --> 00:07:26.560 Related to the winter storm, 00:07:26.560 --> 00:07:31.560 what I really wanted to just state is who we are. 00:07:31.650 --> 00:07:33.840 I haven't had the opportunity to discuss 00:07:33.840 --> 00:07:38.580 with any of you what we did when we started this. 00:07:38.580 --> 00:07:39.883 We're a startup. 00:07:40.780 --> 00:07:44.370 We started with about $1.6 million in capital. 00:07:44.370 --> 00:07:46.910 And we actually did some things 00:07:46.910 --> 00:07:50.360 that probably have never been done in ERCOT. 00:07:50.360 --> 00:07:54.920 We built our own systems in really less than a year. 00:07:54.920 --> 00:07:58.260 We had our own billing, CRM, transactions. 00:07:58.260 --> 00:08:02.130 Everything that we did, we did not use third party vendors. 00:08:02.130 --> 00:08:04.083 In fact, ERCOT applauded us 00:08:04.083 --> 00:08:06.950 when we went through the ERCOT market flight test, 00:08:06.950 --> 00:08:10.010 stating that we were the only retail electric provider ever 00:08:10.010 --> 00:08:13.060 to pass the flight test on the first try 00:08:13.060 --> 00:08:15.570 with our own EDI, our own software. 00:08:15.570 --> 00:08:18.123 And we did it on the first try. 00:08:18.970 --> 00:08:20.730 We actually built something 00:08:20.730 --> 00:08:24.040 that I think most retail electric providers would envy. 00:08:24.040 --> 00:08:27.480 I challenge you to find one other retail electric provider 00:08:27.480 --> 00:08:30.806 that did what we did in a short amount of time 00:08:30.806 --> 00:08:34.850 to really start in the ERCOT market. 00:08:34.850 --> 00:08:36.640 I have more than 13 years of experience, 00:08:36.640 --> 00:08:37.550 not just in ERCOT, 00:08:37.550 --> 00:08:39.820 but all across the United States 00:08:39.820 --> 00:08:42.360 and almost every ISO that's out there. 00:08:42.360 --> 00:08:45.823 I opened up Japan and Canada for a retail electric provider. 00:08:47.000 --> 00:08:48.420 So, I'm very familiar with this industry, 00:08:48.420 --> 00:08:50.633 been in it a pretty long time. 00:08:51.560 --> 00:08:54.890 The, really, what I want to point out is what happened 00:08:54.890 --> 00:08:56.930 with winter storm Uri, 00:08:56.930 --> 00:09:00.860 and really highlight that I feel still confidently 00:09:00.860 --> 00:09:03.030 that we did everything right. 00:09:03.030 --> 00:09:05.750 We went into February 92% hedged. 00:09:05.750 --> 00:09:09.810 We did two short-term hedges in the month of February 00:09:09.810 --> 00:09:14.440 to account for usage for the week of winter storm Uri. 00:09:14.440 --> 00:09:18.060 And really at the end of the day, it wasn't enough. 00:09:18.060 --> 00:09:20.810 That Friday before the winter storm hit, 00:09:20.810 --> 00:09:23.430 we attempted to buy more. 00:09:23.430 --> 00:09:26.710 Prices had already gone to $4,000 a megawatt hour. 00:09:26.710 --> 00:09:29.807 And by the time Monday came around, a $9,000 price, 00:09:29.807 --> 00:09:31.870 it had hit the cap. 00:09:31.870 --> 00:09:34.760 And we were pretty much stuck. 00:09:34.760 --> 00:09:37.070 Our customer usage doubled and tripled 00:09:37.070 --> 00:09:39.500 in some cases for our customers, 00:09:39.500 --> 00:09:41.490 they were running full-steam. 00:09:41.490 --> 00:09:44.150 Every single residential high customer 00:09:44.150 --> 00:09:48.223 that we had that was on really killed us. 00:09:49.370 --> 00:09:52.193 With respect to our financial losses, 00:09:53.350 --> 00:09:55.560 in the span of four and a half days, 00:09:55.560 --> 00:09:58.120 the estimated loss was about $10 million 00:09:59.597 --> 00:10:01.950 for 4,000 customers. 00:10:01.950 --> 00:10:05.820 And I really want you guys to understand the impact 00:10:05.820 --> 00:10:06.653 that it had 00:10:06.653 --> 00:10:09.960 for a startup who had just started serving customers 00:10:09.960 --> 00:10:14.290 in October, had only been in business for four months, 00:10:14.290 --> 00:10:18.183 4,000 customers on almost a $10 million loss. 00:10:20.240 --> 00:10:22.100 That is unrecoverable. 00:10:22.100 --> 00:10:24.690 I had one person tell me a few weeks ago 00:10:24.690 --> 00:10:26.450 that I would have been better off investing 00:10:26.450 --> 00:10:27.893 in Bitcoin than ERCOT. 00:10:28.910 --> 00:10:31.323 And that is a very true statement. 00:10:33.110 --> 00:10:38.110 The thing that I really want to point out is what I feel 00:10:38.909 --> 00:10:42.600 is what really led to this winter storm Uri event 00:10:42.600 --> 00:10:44.940 is what's happened the last 10 years. 00:10:44.940 --> 00:10:46.440 Over the last 10 years, 00:10:46.440 --> 00:10:51.440 the PUC has allowed a, really, the re-monopolization 00:10:53.840 --> 00:10:55.530 of the retail sector. 00:10:55.530 --> 00:10:56.447 By my estimates, 00:10:56.447 --> 00:11:01.447 $5 billion to $6 billion has been spent by generators 00:11:02.130 --> 00:11:04.140 to re-monopolize the market. 00:11:04.140 --> 00:11:05.050 You've had, in fact, 00:11:05.050 --> 00:11:06.870 I came from one of those companies 00:11:06.870 --> 00:11:09.133 that was bought by one of those generators. 00:11:10.420 --> 00:11:12.020 When that happens, 00:11:12.020 --> 00:11:16.240 you lose the actual true purpose of deregulation. 00:11:16.240 --> 00:11:18.590 Under Senate Bill 7, the intent was 00:11:18.590 --> 00:11:22.120 to breakup the players in the market, 00:11:22.120 --> 00:11:23.980 the market participants, 00:11:23.980 --> 00:11:26.760 and when it broke up those companies, 00:11:26.760 --> 00:11:29.140 the intent was for them to stay broken up, 00:11:29.140 --> 00:11:32.080 generators have capped at 30% of their capacity. 00:11:32.080 --> 00:11:35.980 You don't have to produce on any given day their, 00:11:35.980 --> 00:11:37.810 what they put on the grid. 00:11:37.810 --> 00:11:41.860 There is no cap for them to own retail electric providers 00:11:41.860 --> 00:11:43.400 and that's what's happened. 00:11:43.400 --> 00:11:44.450 So, for the last 10 years, 00:11:44.450 --> 00:11:47.440 instead of generators reinvesting in the market, 00:11:47.440 --> 00:11:49.770 putting steel in the ground, natural gas plants, 00:11:49.770 --> 00:11:54.310 whatever that may be, nuclear, coal, whatever they felt, 00:11:54.310 --> 00:11:57.670 instead that money went to retail electric providers. 00:11:57.670 --> 00:12:00.360 I came from a retail electric provider 00:12:00.360 --> 00:12:02.270 that dealt with these issues. 00:12:02.270 --> 00:12:05.523 And, you know, it was very easy to, 00:12:08.090 --> 00:12:10.630 look, let me back up for a second. 00:12:10.630 --> 00:12:13.140 What I will tell you is, you know, 00:12:13.140 --> 00:12:14.810 there are many reps out there 00:12:14.810 --> 00:12:17.410 that have pretty significant losses. 00:12:17.410 --> 00:12:19.010 It could take five years, seven years, 00:12:19.010 --> 00:12:21.063 or even 10 years to recoup these losses. 00:12:22.210 --> 00:12:24.470 What I will tell you is it's very easy 00:12:24.470 --> 00:12:25.910 if you are a generator 00:12:25.910 --> 00:12:29.200 and you control 40% of the retail electric side 00:12:29.200 --> 00:12:32.310 by simply taking your rates up a penny or two pennies, 00:12:32.310 --> 00:12:34.340 you can recoup your losses very quickly. 00:12:34.340 --> 00:12:37.170 And I tell this is, kind of has been the strategy 00:12:37.170 --> 00:12:40.000 for many years is if you've cornered the market 00:12:40.920 --> 00:12:43.200 and you have control of the retail, 00:12:43.200 --> 00:12:44.860 of the retail sector, 00:12:44.860 --> 00:12:48.500 you can easily take your rates up and make back any losses 00:12:48.500 --> 00:12:51.430 that you experienced in our winter storm Uri. 00:12:51.430 --> 00:12:55.290 So, really what I want to just highlight, and in closing, 00:12:55.290 --> 00:12:57.980 what I'll tell you is I'm very well aware 00:12:57.980 --> 00:13:01.110 that I'm not the only one in this position. 00:13:01.110 --> 00:13:02.680 There are other retail electric providers that are 00:13:02.680 --> 00:13:03.540 in this position. 00:13:03.540 --> 00:13:05.360 Most are the entities. 00:13:05.360 --> 00:13:10.360 And it's a very frustrating situation to be in knowing 00:13:10.980 --> 00:13:13.040 that we were a startup, 00:13:13.040 --> 00:13:15.780 knowing that we only had 4,000 customers, 00:13:15.780 --> 00:13:18.200 knowing that we spent a year trying to build this business 00:13:18.200 --> 00:13:20.820 before we even signed up our first customer. 00:13:20.820 --> 00:13:24.373 And we were really out the door before we even got started. 00:13:25.300 --> 00:13:28.180 I still feel that we did everything right. 00:13:28.180 --> 00:13:29.520 We were hedged. 00:13:29.520 --> 00:13:33.560 We bought the, we sold fixed price contracts. 00:13:33.560 --> 00:13:35.180 We did everything that we should have done 00:13:35.180 --> 00:13:36.550 as a retailer electric provider 00:13:36.550 --> 00:13:38.990 to make sure that our customers were protected 00:13:38.990 --> 00:13:40.290 from any exposure. 00:13:40.290 --> 00:13:44.700 To this day, not one customer had any impact related 00:13:44.700 --> 00:13:48.130 to winter storm Uri from our customer base. 00:13:48.130 --> 00:13:50.960 Every customer's protected on fixed price. 00:13:50.960 --> 00:13:53.930 The one entity or person that was not protected 00:13:53.930 --> 00:13:56.030 in our case was Energy Monger. 00:13:56.030 --> 00:13:58.680 There was nothing we could have done to prevent this. 00:13:59.630 --> 00:14:03.140 So in closing, really what I want to say is, you know, 00:14:03.140 --> 00:14:05.440 I started with the name Monger for a reason. 00:14:05.440 --> 00:14:08.070 It's unique. People remember it. 00:14:08.070 --> 00:14:12.530 And it's one of those things that will always be easy 00:14:12.530 --> 00:14:15.800 to remember once you see it the first time. 00:14:15.800 --> 00:14:20.190 I did a lot of marketing to find out a name 00:14:20.190 --> 00:14:22.950 and I came up with the name Monger and what I hope, 00:14:22.950 --> 00:14:24.420 if anytime that you guys see 00:14:24.420 --> 00:14:28.360 in the future the word Monger is you remember, you know, 00:14:28.360 --> 00:14:31.330 our company and really the impact 00:14:31.330 --> 00:14:34.600 that these ERCOT prices have on us 00:14:34.600 --> 00:14:36.280 and what it did to us. 00:14:36.280 --> 00:14:41.150 And really, what I firmly believe is this is truly unjust. 00:14:41.150 --> 00:14:46.150 I firmly believe that this could have been fixed 00:14:46.900 --> 00:14:50.400 during the event or even after the event. 00:14:50.400 --> 00:14:55.400 And really, we were exposed to, in my opinion, 00:14:56.435 --> 00:15:01.060 some unjust things done by the Commission 00:15:01.060 --> 00:15:02.683 as well as generation. 00:15:03.633 --> 00:15:06.430 And the last thing I'll say is this has been experienced 00:15:06.430 --> 00:15:11.430 for 2008, 2011, 2014, 2019, and now 2021. 00:15:14.750 --> 00:15:16.940 Every single one of those years, 00:15:16.940 --> 00:15:20.675 you've had generations fail to deliver on their promise, 00:15:20.675 --> 00:15:23.210 of bringing power to the grid. 00:15:23.210 --> 00:15:25.360 Every single one of those years, 00:15:25.360 --> 00:15:28.250 you'd have prices that have spiked. 00:15:28.250 --> 00:15:30.540 And you've had companies experience 00:15:30.540 --> 00:15:34.120 significant financial losses because of those price spikes. 00:15:34.120 --> 00:15:36.810 I encourage you to look at that 00:15:36.810 --> 00:15:39.110 and really inspect those years 00:15:39.110 --> 00:15:41.230 and find out what the problems were. 00:15:41.230 --> 00:15:45.040 Was it a mothball plant? Was it unforced outages? 00:15:45.040 --> 00:15:46.080 But I guarantee you, 00:15:46.080 --> 00:15:48.790 what you're going to find is it's going to be tied 00:15:48.790 --> 00:15:51.420 to generation and until that's fixed, 00:15:51.420 --> 00:15:53.540 I would never bet on ERCOT. 00:15:53.540 --> 00:15:55.740 And I don't think in the next two years, 00:15:55.740 --> 00:15:58.740 in the next five years, in the next 10 years, 00:15:58.740 --> 00:16:00.170 it still isn't built. 00:16:00.170 --> 00:16:02.250 If more natural gas plants aren't built, 00:16:02.250 --> 00:16:03.670 this problem will not be fixed. 00:16:03.670 --> 00:16:06.470 Because you will continue to have this problem. 00:16:06.470 --> 00:16:07.730 And I think you're going to continue 00:16:07.730 --> 00:16:10.220 to have investors shy away 00:16:10.220 --> 00:16:12.780 from the ERCOT market when building, 00:16:12.780 --> 00:16:14.890 when putting steel in the ground. 00:16:14.890 --> 00:16:16.050 So, I appreciate your time. 00:16:16.050 --> 00:16:21.050 Thank you, and look forward to seeing what you guys do 00:16:21.600 --> 00:16:23.070 with this docket. 00:16:23.070 --> 00:16:24.500 Thank you very much. 00:16:24.500 --> 00:16:25.338 Thank you, Drew. 00:16:25.338 --> 00:16:27.470 I appreciate your comments and insights 00:16:27.470 --> 00:16:30.577 and the details of that experience. 00:16:30.577 --> 00:16:34.473 We do not have any other invited testimony on this item. 00:16:36.350 --> 00:16:38.060 There's a settlement on this docket. 00:16:38.060 --> 00:16:40.363 Any thoughts or comments, Will or Lori? 00:16:41.690 --> 00:16:43.350 Or Will? You're recused, excuse me. 00:16:43.350 --> 00:16:48.350 No, I, you know, before we get into the facts on it, 00:16:48.500 --> 00:16:50.590 I think his comments are well taken. 00:16:50.590 --> 00:16:55.590 I think that he has highlighted one 00:16:55.630 --> 00:16:57.929 of the foundational questions 00:16:57.929 --> 00:16:59.490 that we have before us 00:16:59.490 --> 00:17:02.660 in the near term is how is our market functioning? 00:17:02.660 --> 00:17:04.190 And I think that's what these workshops 00:17:04.190 --> 00:17:06.960 that you're organizing, Mr. Chairman, are about, 00:17:06.960 --> 00:17:10.293 is to highlight how is this working? 00:17:11.410 --> 00:17:14.440 Are the right incentives in place to do the right thing? 00:17:14.440 --> 00:17:15.990 To invest in the resources 00:17:15.990 --> 00:17:20.300 that the public absolutely demands for an essential service. 00:17:20.300 --> 00:17:24.460 So, no, I think, 00:17:24.460 --> 00:17:27.510 I appreciated that presentation and comments 00:17:27.510 --> 00:17:28.343 by the witness. 00:17:30.560 --> 00:17:32.977 Yeah, that's why we're here today, figure out what works, 00:17:32.977 --> 00:17:35.800 and more importantly, what doesn't work, 00:17:35.800 --> 00:17:40.223 so we can enhance the competitive nature of our market. 00:17:42.400 --> 00:17:44.750 Given the settlement in this case, I will entertain, 00:17:44.750 --> 00:17:45.583 is there a motion 00:17:45.583 --> 00:17:47.510 to revoke Energy Monger's certificate based 00:17:47.510 --> 00:17:49.090 on the parties agreement? 00:17:49.090 --> 00:17:50.140 So moved. 00:17:50.140 --> 00:17:51.313 Second. All in favor, say, "Aye." 00:17:51.313 --> 00:17:52.146 Aye. Aye. 00:17:53.448 --> 00:17:54.448 The motion passes. 00:17:56.170 --> 00:17:58.810 That concludes the formal business portion 00:17:58.810 --> 00:18:01.390 of this open meeting. 00:18:01.390 --> 00:18:04.003 At this point, we will move to the work session. 00:18:07.220 --> 00:18:10.020 As everyone here and watching online can tell, 00:18:10.020 --> 00:18:11.600 this is a different layout for the Commission. 00:18:11.600 --> 00:18:15.323 This is a very different type of open meeting. 00:18:16.290 --> 00:18:20.390 This is one of, this is not our first workshop, 00:18:20.390 --> 00:18:24.810 but this is the first workshop directly oriented 00:18:24.810 --> 00:18:29.810 around implementation of legislation from the 87th session. 00:18:31.120 --> 00:18:33.950 And specifically, some key elements of SB 3. 00:18:35.360 --> 00:18:39.100 This is, from this point forward, this, 00:18:39.100 --> 00:18:41.670 there will be no formal action taken in this meeting. 00:18:41.670 --> 00:18:46.670 This is simply a forum for exchange of information, ideas, 00:18:48.650 --> 00:18:51.700 and a forum for discussion 00:18:51.700 --> 00:18:54.490 about exactly what Commissioner McAdams just identified, 00:18:54.490 --> 00:18:55.740 what's working, what's not working. 00:18:55.740 --> 00:18:57.591 How do we make it better? 00:18:57.591 --> 00:19:01.113 So, I want to highlight that this is very much a working, 00:19:02.280 --> 00:19:06.480 a venue for discussion, ideas exchange. 00:19:06.480 --> 00:19:10.380 And this will be the first of many work sessions 00:19:10.380 --> 00:19:13.720 on a variety of elements of legislative implementation. 00:19:13.720 --> 00:19:17.380 So, by no means should any market participant, 00:19:17.380 --> 00:19:21.710 member of the public take anything said up here as, 00:19:21.710 --> 00:19:24.190 I think I speak for both of the fellow Commissioners 00:19:24.190 --> 00:19:29.190 and nothing said up here should be taken as written in stone 00:19:29.840 --> 00:19:32.900 or as some grand intention of future action. 00:19:32.900 --> 00:19:35.710 This is purely a venue for discussion. 00:19:35.710 --> 00:19:36.723 Is that fair? 00:19:36.723 --> 00:19:38.380 Yes, sir. Yes, sir. 00:19:38.380 --> 00:19:39.770 All right. 00:19:39.770 --> 00:19:41.290 With that, we will move. 00:19:41.290 --> 00:19:44.470 I don't have any things on item 2 through 4. 00:19:44.470 --> 00:19:45.461 No, sir. Do either of you all? 00:19:45.461 --> 00:19:46.294 No. 00:19:47.890 --> 00:19:48.723 All right. 00:19:48.723 --> 00:19:52.070 We will move to item five, discussion and possible, 00:19:52.070 --> 00:19:53.020 no possible action, 00:19:53.020 --> 00:19:54.650 but discussion on electrical reliability, 00:19:54.650 --> 00:19:57.920 electric market development, powered to choose website, 00:19:57.920 --> 00:20:00.250 ERCOT oversight, transmission planning, construction, 00:20:00.250 --> 00:20:02.530 and cost recovery in areas outside of ERCOT 00:20:02.530 --> 00:20:05.160 and electrical liability standards 00:20:05.160 --> 00:20:08.720 and organizations arising under federal law. 00:20:08.720 --> 00:20:13.720 We have a variety of panels to address the Commission today, 00:20:15.560 --> 00:20:20.560 and we'll also be, of course, taking questions. 00:20:21.670 --> 00:20:23.870 Our first panel is market design overview. 00:20:23.870 --> 00:20:24.703 At this point, 00:20:24.703 --> 00:20:27.560 we'll call up ERCOT, Independent Market Monitor, 00:20:27.560 --> 00:20:30.883 and representative from the Intercontinental Exchange. 00:20:32.010 --> 00:20:32.960 Thank you. 00:20:39.764 --> 00:20:41.181 Thank you, Janet. 00:20:50.908 --> 00:20:55.908 We've got a series of presentations 00:20:56.510 --> 00:21:01.050 and I know we'll have some questions for each, 00:21:01.050 --> 00:21:02.750 I'm sure we'll have multiple questions for each of you 00:21:02.750 --> 00:21:04.550 after your respective presentations. 00:21:05.650 --> 00:21:06.963 We'll start with our ERCOT's presentation, 00:21:06.963 --> 00:21:10.800 then we'll move to the IMM, and then finally ICE. 00:21:10.800 --> 00:21:11.960 Before you give your presentation, 00:21:11.960 --> 00:21:14.100 will you please state your name for the record? 00:21:14.100 --> 00:21:15.180 Sure, Dave Maggio. 00:21:15.180 --> 00:21:18.180 I'm Director of Market Design Analytics with ERCOT. 00:21:18.180 --> 00:21:19.450 Thank you. 00:21:19.450 --> 00:21:20.910 Go ahead. All right. 00:21:20.910 --> 00:21:22.570 Thank you very much for the time today. 00:21:22.570 --> 00:21:25.820 I'm going to walk through a few slides with you all 00:21:25.820 --> 00:21:27.520 and really just going 00:21:27.520 --> 00:21:29.440 to give a kind of a high-level overview 00:21:29.440 --> 00:21:31.250 of the market and in a short period of time, 00:21:31.250 --> 00:21:34.240 but I'll focus on two key components a little bit more. 00:21:34.240 --> 00:21:36.319 And those two components will be looking a little bit 00:21:36.319 --> 00:21:39.170 at our current ancillary services design, 00:21:39.170 --> 00:21:41.980 as well as talking about some of the components we have, 00:21:41.980 --> 00:21:44.080 including our scarcity pricing mechanisms. 00:21:45.120 --> 00:21:48.240 So, if you move to the next slide, again, 00:21:48.240 --> 00:21:50.890 this is just to sort of set the stage at a high overview. 00:21:50.890 --> 00:21:52.990 So, you can see the ERCOT region here 00:21:52.990 --> 00:21:55.880 and the number of stats we have here on the left. 00:21:55.880 --> 00:21:56.900 I guess, one of the things 00:21:56.900 --> 00:21:59.740 that does stand out is ERCOT is largely separated 00:21:59.740 --> 00:22:02.840 from the other grids there at the bottom. 00:22:02.840 --> 00:22:05.750 That being the case, we do though have about 1,200 megawatts 00:22:05.750 --> 00:22:08.610 or so of ties to the other grids. 00:22:08.610 --> 00:22:10.660 Specifically, some of that into SPP, 00:22:10.660 --> 00:22:12.550 as well as some in New Mexico. 00:22:12.550 --> 00:22:14.930 And it's probably worth noting, not included here, 00:22:14.930 --> 00:22:18.920 there is a proposal to add megawatts to those ties 00:22:18.920 --> 00:22:20.450 that's currently out there as well. 00:22:20.450 --> 00:22:22.520 Although none of that is currently been set 00:22:22.520 --> 00:22:24.693 in terms of if and when that might happen. 00:22:27.420 --> 00:22:28.980 Going to the next slide, 00:22:28.980 --> 00:22:32.340 just talking about the model we have here in Texas, 00:22:32.340 --> 00:22:34.740 there's sort of three main pillars to that. 00:22:34.740 --> 00:22:37.310 On the far left, you have the supply side of that, 00:22:37.310 --> 00:22:39.260 where we have the unbundled wholesale market, 00:22:39.260 --> 00:22:41.100 where we have resources competing 00:22:41.100 --> 00:22:44.490 within the wholesale market to try and serve load. 00:22:44.490 --> 00:22:47.770 We're doing that as a single balancing area 00:22:47.770 --> 00:22:49.960 and with the resources we have 00:22:49.960 --> 00:22:52.250 that they're settled on a 15 minute level, 00:22:52.250 --> 00:22:55.540 and they're settled at a specific location on the system, 00:22:55.540 --> 00:22:58.230 and we'll typically call those locational marginal prices, 00:22:58.230 --> 00:23:01.410 but there's a specific node on the grid 00:23:01.410 --> 00:23:02.870 that's associated with these resources. 00:23:02.870 --> 00:23:05.320 And that's the price point at which they're paid. 00:23:06.290 --> 00:23:08.930 On the other side of that is the load resources. 00:23:08.930 --> 00:23:10.340 And in that case, 00:23:10.340 --> 00:23:12.670 they are also settled at that 15 minute level, 00:23:12.670 --> 00:23:14.410 within our realtime market, 00:23:14.410 --> 00:23:17.190 but they pay prices based on average prices 00:23:17.190 --> 00:23:18.740 over sort of a geographical area. 00:23:18.740 --> 00:23:20.240 We call it a load zone, 00:23:20.240 --> 00:23:23.997 but there's eight load zones that we have within ERCOT 00:23:23.997 --> 00:23:26.453 that are these sort of averaged areas. 00:23:27.990 --> 00:23:30.150 In the middle there is the transmission 00:23:30.150 --> 00:23:31.830 and distribution side. 00:23:31.830 --> 00:23:33.100 That is, the transmission 00:23:33.100 --> 00:23:34.850 and distribution equipment is really owned 00:23:34.850 --> 00:23:37.850 and operated by regulated utilities. 00:23:37.850 --> 00:23:40.140 And there's a transmission cost of service 00:23:40.140 --> 00:23:42.190 that's allocated to load that that provides some of 00:23:42.190 --> 00:23:43.843 that funding for transmission. 00:23:44.730 --> 00:23:48.840 And then on the far right is we have the retail side 00:23:48.840 --> 00:23:52.430 and the majority of that is competitive 00:23:52.430 --> 00:23:53.610 with retailers competing 00:23:53.610 --> 00:23:56.280 to serve customers through various products 00:23:56.280 --> 00:23:58.490 and things like that they would offer. 00:23:58.490 --> 00:24:01.230 But we also as well have the municipally-owned utilities 00:24:01.230 --> 00:24:02.170 and electric cooperatives, 00:24:02.170 --> 00:24:04.993 that account for about a quarter of the ERCOT market. 00:24:08.140 --> 00:24:10.847 On the next slide, talking a little bit about more 00:24:10.847 --> 00:24:12.510 of the ERCOT market construct. 00:24:12.510 --> 00:24:15.640 So, a key component of the ERCOT market is the fact 00:24:15.640 --> 00:24:17.300 that it's an energy only market 00:24:17.300 --> 00:24:21.120 and really a key focus for us is scarcity pricing. 00:24:21.120 --> 00:24:22.770 So, pricing when things get tight, 00:24:22.770 --> 00:24:25.470 particularly for the realtime market. 00:24:25.470 --> 00:24:29.250 And that happens through offers from the actual supply side, 00:24:29.250 --> 00:24:32.110 as well as a process I'll talk a little bit more about, 00:24:32.110 --> 00:24:34.750 looking at, excuse me, the price adders 00:24:34.750 --> 00:24:37.200 to try and help us reflect some of that scarcity. 00:24:38.230 --> 00:24:40.460 The general goal within the market is for generators 00:24:40.460 --> 00:24:42.280 to self commit. 00:24:42.280 --> 00:24:45.870 However, to degree we need to fill some gaps in, 00:24:45.870 --> 00:24:48.510 there is a process through which we can do 00:24:48.510 --> 00:24:51.580 some residual reliability commitments if needed. 00:24:51.580 --> 00:24:52.960 But again, the focus is to try 00:24:52.960 --> 00:24:55.420 to provide those incentives for the supply 00:24:55.420 --> 00:24:57.000 to self-commit and come to the market 00:24:57.000 --> 00:24:59.713 without ERCOT necessarily needing to take that action. 00:25:01.430 --> 00:25:03.200 We also have a day ahead market 00:25:03.200 --> 00:25:04.570 in addition to the realtime market. 00:25:04.570 --> 00:25:06.590 That market is voluntary. 00:25:06.590 --> 00:25:09.520 And that's where we really procure the ancillary services 00:25:09.520 --> 00:25:11.940 that I'll talk about in a little bit more detail. 00:25:11.940 --> 00:25:13.910 And we procure that along with energy 00:25:13.910 --> 00:25:15.990 and we co-optimize all those things together, 00:25:15.990 --> 00:25:17.740 looking at all of the products 00:25:17.740 --> 00:25:20.140 that we're trying to solve for in the day ahead. 00:25:21.490 --> 00:25:23.950 Within that, we have resources submitting bids and offers 00:25:23.950 --> 00:25:26.290 to determine the right level of output. 00:25:26.290 --> 00:25:27.700 And we're trying to find, 00:25:27.700 --> 00:25:29.570 each five minutes when we're running this market, 00:25:29.570 --> 00:25:32.540 trying to find, what is the most economic way to try 00:25:32.540 --> 00:25:36.010 and serve the load that we see on the system right now? 00:25:36.010 --> 00:25:38.030 And I guess, when I say resources here, 00:25:38.030 --> 00:25:39.330 I do mean it fairly broadly. 00:25:39.330 --> 00:25:41.480 So, we have our thermal plants are part of that. 00:25:41.480 --> 00:25:42.980 We have our renewables, 00:25:42.980 --> 00:25:45.040 of course, now, we have energy storage, 00:25:45.040 --> 00:25:47.410 as well as starting to see some level 00:25:47.410 --> 00:25:49.480 of controllable load resources. 00:25:49.480 --> 00:25:52.783 So, actual load that has quite a bit of functionality 00:25:52.783 --> 00:25:54.280 to be able to respond 00:25:54.280 --> 00:25:56.380 to these sort of five minute instructions. 00:25:57.510 --> 00:25:59.440 And along with these outputs that we're providing, 00:25:59.440 --> 00:26:01.240 every five minutes, we actually also produce a price. 00:26:01.240 --> 00:26:03.730 And that's all those locational prices 00:26:03.730 --> 00:26:05.130 that I mentioned earlier. 00:26:07.750 --> 00:26:08.763 On the next slide, 00:26:10.200 --> 00:26:12.540 this is a graph I think you probably have all seen before. 00:26:12.540 --> 00:26:15.277 This is just looking at the installed capacity within ERCOT 00:26:15.277 --> 00:26:17.970 and how that's changed over time. 00:26:17.970 --> 00:26:21.030 Probably one of the key things you'll notice is the increase 00:26:21.030 --> 00:26:22.970 in renewables during this timeframe. 00:26:22.970 --> 00:26:26.090 You see that in the top in green with wind, 00:26:26.090 --> 00:26:29.110 that's kind of occurred through this whole timeframe 00:26:29.110 --> 00:26:30.570 of about 20 years, 00:26:30.570 --> 00:26:33.270 as well as seeing some increases in solar. 00:26:33.270 --> 00:26:35.020 And then I guess along with that, 00:26:35.020 --> 00:26:38.890 you have seen other changes in the system in this timeframe. 00:26:38.890 --> 00:26:41.070 I guess probably most pronounced is a decrease 00:26:41.070 --> 00:26:43.770 in the capacity from gas, steam, 00:26:43.770 --> 00:26:46.540 and actually some degree in increase in the capacity 00:26:46.540 --> 00:26:48.140 from combined cycles. 00:26:48.140 --> 00:26:50.060 I guess there was also some changes. 00:26:50.060 --> 00:26:53.150 Over this time, it stayed, I guess, relatively the same, 00:26:53.150 --> 00:26:56.900 but there was a uptick and then a decrease in the capacity 00:26:56.900 --> 00:27:00.658 from coal between 2017 and 2018. 00:27:00.658 --> 00:27:03.550 And I think where this has really sort of come into play 00:27:03.550 --> 00:27:06.230 when we think about the market design 00:27:06.230 --> 00:27:08.870 is specifically looking at our reliability needs 00:27:08.870 --> 00:27:11.000 and some of our ancillary services 00:27:11.000 --> 00:27:14.050 and a lot of the change in fuel mix is tied 00:27:14.050 --> 00:27:15.940 into our ancillary services 00:27:15.940 --> 00:27:17.500 and how we viewed them and discuss them 00:27:17.500 --> 00:27:19.133 over the last few years. 00:27:20.002 --> 00:27:22.605 Can we ask questions during these slides? 00:27:22.605 --> 00:27:24.722 Yes, absolutely. If you'll? 00:27:24.722 --> 00:27:26.020 Yeah, sure. 00:27:26.020 --> 00:27:26.853 Okay. 00:27:26.853 --> 00:27:31.307 So, on that chart gas, as of today, what mix, 00:27:33.010 --> 00:27:34.090 what portion of the mix 00:27:34.090 --> 00:27:37.680 of the fleet does gas constitute today? 00:27:37.680 --> 00:27:39.377 So, it is the combination, I guess, 00:27:39.377 --> 00:27:41.277 of a few different categories up there. 00:27:41.277 --> 00:27:42.770 Right. So they're broken up. 00:27:42.770 --> 00:27:45.490 They were broken into the combined cycle, 00:27:45.490 --> 00:27:46.910 the gas steam units. 00:27:46.910 --> 00:27:50.400 So it's the turquoise color there, 00:27:50.400 --> 00:27:52.330 the darker blue, right above that, 00:27:52.330 --> 00:27:55.160 as well as the combustion turbines. 00:27:55.160 --> 00:27:59.110 And so in total, let's see, that's about 51%, 00:27:59.110 --> 00:28:01.810 I would say if I add those three categories together 00:28:01.810 --> 00:28:03.070 to look at gas broadly. 00:28:03.070 --> 00:28:04.168 Okay. 00:28:04.168 --> 00:28:08.520 So, just for the group, PURA, Section 39.9044, 00:28:10.040 --> 00:28:12.877 coal for natural gas, subsection A, 00:28:12.877 --> 00:28:14.427 "It is the intent of the legislature 00:28:14.427 --> 00:28:17.557 "that 50% of the megawatts of generating capacity installed 00:28:17.557 --> 00:28:21.727 "in this state after January 1, 2000, use natural gas. 00:28:21.727 --> 00:28:23.197 "To the extent permitted by law, 00:28:23.197 --> 00:28:24.837 "the Commission shall establish a program 00:28:24.837 --> 00:28:28.057 "to encourage utilities to comply with this section 00:28:28.057 --> 00:28:30.927 "by using natural gas produced in this state 00:28:30.927 --> 00:28:33.137 "as the preferential fuel. 00:28:33.137 --> 00:28:36.027 "This section does not apply to generating capacity 00:28:36.027 --> 00:28:38.590 "for renewable energy technologies." 00:28:38.590 --> 00:28:41.927 Subsection B, "The Commission shall establish 00:28:41.927 --> 00:28:44.477 "a natural gas energy credits trading program. 00:28:44.477 --> 00:28:47.077 "Any power generation company, municipally owned utility, 00:28:47.077 --> 00:28:48.577 "or electric cooperative 00:28:48.577 --> 00:28:50.387 "that does not satisfy the requirements 00:28:50.387 --> 00:28:53.067 "of this Subsection A by directly owning 00:28:53.067 --> 00:28:56.087 "or purchasing capacity using natural gas technologies 00:28:56.087 --> 00:28:59.197 "shall purchase sufficient natural gas energy credits 00:28:59.197 --> 00:29:00.756 "to satisfy the requirements 00:29:00.756 --> 00:29:05.647 "by holding natural gas energy credits in lieu of capacity 00:29:05.647 --> 00:29:08.550 "for natural gas energy technologies." 00:29:08.550 --> 00:29:11.850 So, you're telling me we are at 51%. 00:29:11.850 --> 00:29:12.870 Yes, so, that's the, 00:29:12.870 --> 00:29:14.320 and I guess maybe it's helpful to clarify, 00:29:14.320 --> 00:29:16.140 this is the installed capacity. 00:29:16.140 --> 00:29:17.150 I know you also, I think, 00:29:17.150 --> 00:29:19.240 were talking a little bit about the amount of energy. 00:29:19.240 --> 00:29:21.860 I don't have those numbers here handy with me, 00:29:21.860 --> 00:29:23.410 but we can certainly provide those as well. 00:29:23.410 --> 00:29:26.140 And those could be potentially a little bit different. 00:29:26.140 --> 00:29:27.357 Great. 00:29:27.357 --> 00:29:30.270 Was that by company or fleet-wide? 00:29:30.270 --> 00:29:31.560 It does not say. 00:29:31.560 --> 00:29:32.650 It's fleet-wide 00:29:32.650 --> 00:29:37.650 of 105,000 megawatts total generating capacity 00:29:38.450 --> 00:29:40.900 in the state, rough, is that? 00:29:40.900 --> 00:29:42.003 Like nameplate. 00:29:42.980 --> 00:29:46.440 We're at 53,000 across all types of gas. 00:29:46.440 --> 00:29:49.480 So, point being, we're right at the. 00:29:49.480 --> 00:29:50.313 We're on the line. 00:29:50.313 --> 00:29:52.943 On the line of the legislative intent. 00:29:55.650 --> 00:29:56.500 Good point, Will. 00:29:59.620 --> 00:30:03.950 And while we're speaking about fleet makeup, 00:30:03.950 --> 00:30:08.250 when you say, you spoke about how the prices are optimized, 00:30:08.250 --> 00:30:10.110 we got prices, just to be clear, 00:30:10.110 --> 00:30:13.670 we've got prices at the node level that are then 00:30:13.670 --> 00:30:18.670 at the then kind of averaged at the load zone level, 00:30:18.980 --> 00:30:21.340 which is what the public would see on the ERCOT website 00:30:21.340 --> 00:30:23.540 as like, or the mobile app. 00:30:23.540 --> 00:30:28.540 I know the zones are there 20, hundreds, a hundred node, 00:30:30.120 --> 00:30:31.650 hundreds of nodes, Yes. 00:30:31.650 --> 00:30:33.900 20, how many zones? 00:30:33.900 --> 00:30:35.421 There's really only eight load zones 00:30:35.421 --> 00:30:36.670 that we have. Eight load zones. 00:30:36.670 --> 00:30:40.870 But it's multiple prices across locations 00:30:40.870 --> 00:30:44.460 that roll up into successively smaller groupings. 00:30:44.460 --> 00:30:45.460 Is that accurate? 00:30:45.460 --> 00:30:46.331 Yes, sir. 00:30:46.331 --> 00:30:48.510 How we do the aggregations and we do provide both on, 00:30:48.510 --> 00:30:51.090 sort of all of it available on the, publicly on the website, 00:30:51.090 --> 00:30:53.250 Yes. But the main focus tends 00:30:53.250 --> 00:30:55.520 to be those aggregations of prices 00:30:55.520 --> 00:30:57.220 into those average values. 00:30:57.220 --> 00:31:00.543 Okay. So the, I want to make sure people understand. 00:31:00.543 --> 00:31:03.610 When you say, you're optimizing these prices, 00:31:03.610 --> 00:31:05.470 you're, and every five minutes, 00:31:05.470 --> 00:31:10.470 you're optimizing for lowest price for the consumer. 00:31:10.870 --> 00:31:11.890 At the same time, you've got 00:31:11.890 --> 00:31:16.510 to optimize for that geographic location, right? 00:31:16.510 --> 00:31:17.530 A low price in one corner 00:31:17.530 --> 00:31:18.880 of the state doesn't mean it can help 00:31:18.880 --> 00:31:21.120 in another part, necessarily. 00:31:21.120 --> 00:31:23.640 And you're optimizing for that moment in time. 00:31:23.640 --> 00:31:24.473 That's correct. 00:31:24.473 --> 00:31:26.660 And in fact, if you look at the previous slide just here 00:31:26.660 --> 00:31:28.280 for a quick moment, 00:31:28.280 --> 00:31:30.410 this actually is a demonstration of one of those cases 00:31:30.410 --> 00:31:32.580 where we've had some limitations 00:31:32.580 --> 00:31:34.730 in terms of transferring power within the state. 00:31:34.730 --> 00:31:37.550 And so this is a contour map looking 00:31:37.550 --> 00:31:40.320 at how those prices vary within those individual nodes. 00:31:40.320 --> 00:31:41.300 In this particular case, 00:31:41.300 --> 00:31:44.420 what you can see is we actually had some higher prices 00:31:44.420 --> 00:31:46.730 in that far west portion of the state, 00:31:46.730 --> 00:31:48.610 where you see the blue color, 00:31:48.610 --> 00:31:49.730 that's where prices were lower, 00:31:49.730 --> 00:31:54.170 just based on not only trying to find the least cost supply, 00:31:54.170 --> 00:31:56.490 but also recognizing some of those limitations 00:31:56.490 --> 00:31:57.567 in transferring that power. 00:31:57.567 --> 00:31:59.120 And the transmission constraints 00:31:59.120 --> 00:32:01.810 from where the power is generated to where it's consumed. 00:32:01.810 --> 00:32:02.650 That's right. And you said, 00:32:02.650 --> 00:32:04.910 on this one, you say it's generate, 00:32:04.910 --> 00:32:08.300 the goal is to have generators self commit. 00:32:08.300 --> 00:32:09.550 Correct. That means, 00:32:11.060 --> 00:32:13.720 in layman's terms, 00:32:13.720 --> 00:32:14.930 the price has got to be high enough 00:32:14.930 --> 00:32:17.650 for them to make money running their generator 00:32:17.650 --> 00:32:19.060 at that moment in time. 00:32:19.060 --> 00:32:21.640 And at that point, then they'll turn it on. 00:32:21.640 --> 00:32:22.473 Correct. 00:32:22.473 --> 00:32:24.300 Or they at least predict, in the very near future, 00:32:24.300 --> 00:32:26.053 that price is going to be sufficient. 00:32:26.053 --> 00:32:26.950 Gotcha. Right. 00:32:26.950 --> 00:32:28.270 That's the economic incentive. 00:32:28.270 --> 00:32:29.130 Right. 00:32:29.130 --> 00:32:29.963 Thanks. 00:32:31.080 --> 00:32:31.913 All right. 00:32:31.913 --> 00:32:33.970 If we can jump then to slide six, 00:32:33.970 --> 00:32:36.780 this is just seguing into just giving a quick overview 00:32:36.780 --> 00:32:37.650 of ancillary services. 00:32:37.650 --> 00:32:40.850 I know that's going to a little bit of a topic today, 00:32:40.850 --> 00:32:44.270 but I guess just to provide a little bit of an introduction, 00:32:44.270 --> 00:32:46.457 the key thing to keep in mind is that the load 00:32:46.457 --> 00:32:48.170 and generation that the supply 00:32:48.170 --> 00:32:49.870 and demand are constantly changing. 00:32:49.870 --> 00:32:54.000 And really, one of the primary functions of the ISO is 00:32:54.000 --> 00:32:55.620 to do that rebalancing. 00:32:55.620 --> 00:32:59.120 And there's a variety of things that cause that imbalance. 00:32:59.120 --> 00:33:02.510 There's just sort of the daily load patterns of, you know, 00:33:02.510 --> 00:33:04.410 in the afternoons ACs are kicking on. 00:33:04.410 --> 00:33:06.440 So, people are consuming more energy. 00:33:06.440 --> 00:33:08.670 We have sort of instantaneous load variations 00:33:08.670 --> 00:33:11.230 of people turning on and off light switches. 00:33:11.230 --> 00:33:13.730 We have changes in variable generation output, 00:33:13.730 --> 00:33:17.020 and we have things like a generator tripping offline. 00:33:17.020 --> 00:33:19.180 So, all those things create these imbalances 00:33:19.180 --> 00:33:20.660 between supply and demand 00:33:21.705 --> 00:33:24.650 and ancillary services are really procured, again, 00:33:24.650 --> 00:33:27.640 primarily in the day ahead market to help reserve that we, 00:33:27.640 --> 00:33:30.740 or help ensure that we have sufficient extra capacity 00:33:30.740 --> 00:33:33.190 on the system, extra headroom on supply, typically. 00:33:33.190 --> 00:33:36.180 Although we do have folks on the demand side as well, 00:33:36.180 --> 00:33:40.120 who can help us deal with trying to do this rebalancing, 00:33:40.120 --> 00:33:42.380 particularly when it may be to a level 00:33:42.380 --> 00:33:44.210 that we can't necessarily just cover it 00:33:44.210 --> 00:33:45.710 within the five minute market. 00:33:47.105 --> 00:33:49.770 And I guess I'll touch on the three main types of service 00:33:49.770 --> 00:33:52.810 and describe them a little bit. 00:33:52.810 --> 00:33:54.770 First is regulation service. 00:33:54.770 --> 00:33:57.430 This is a really a service that's intended for us to deal 00:33:57.430 --> 00:33:59.910 with very small second to second changes. 00:33:59.910 --> 00:34:01.660 It's typically a very fast surface. 00:34:01.660 --> 00:34:05.170 So, it's something that we deploy in the seconds timeframe. 00:34:05.170 --> 00:34:07.820 Responsive reserve service is like regulation 00:34:07.820 --> 00:34:09.620 in the sense that it's very fast, 00:34:09.620 --> 00:34:12.900 but it's really intended to deal with much bigger imbalances 00:34:12.900 --> 00:34:14.120 that we may see. 00:34:14.120 --> 00:34:16.000 So for example, that's 00:34:16.000 --> 00:34:19.390 that big generator tripping offline causes a very quick, 00:34:19.390 --> 00:34:20.960 very significant imbalance, 00:34:20.960 --> 00:34:24.273 and that service helps us recover from that. 00:34:25.380 --> 00:34:27.660 And then the third service here is non-spin service. 00:34:27.660 --> 00:34:29.510 And this is really more of a slow service. 00:34:29.510 --> 00:34:33.250 It's technically a 30 minute ramp product that we have, 00:34:33.250 --> 00:34:36.390 and really not about solving something exactly right now 00:34:36.390 --> 00:34:37.223 within the second. 00:34:37.223 --> 00:34:40.570 But I see something coming up in the next 30 minutes, 00:34:40.570 --> 00:34:42.500 using the service to help get prepared for that. 00:34:42.500 --> 00:34:44.240 So I see, for example, 00:34:44.240 --> 00:34:45.730 not right now, but in 30 minutes, 00:34:45.730 --> 00:34:49.890 I'm expecting to run out of some capacity 00:34:49.890 --> 00:34:51.890 that I'm trying to maintain. 00:34:51.890 --> 00:34:56.230 So it in, or finish up on this slide and I'll. 00:34:56.230 --> 00:34:58.170 Yeah, so, the only thing I was gonna add 00:34:58.170 --> 00:35:01.720 to that is the sort of design of these services 00:35:01.720 --> 00:35:03.840 and probably more frequently, the quantity 00:35:03.840 --> 00:35:06.530 of these services is just sort of an ongoing conversation 00:35:06.530 --> 00:35:08.969 that we have with the market participants. 00:35:08.969 --> 00:35:11.490 In fact, looking at sort of the methodology 00:35:11.490 --> 00:35:13.190 that we use to determine the amounts is something 00:35:13.190 --> 00:35:15.120 that's reviewed at least annually, 00:35:15.120 --> 00:35:17.630 but can get updated more frequently than that. 00:35:17.630 --> 00:35:22.630 So, to help me translate into layman's terms, 00:35:23.610 --> 00:35:25.280 I'm going to say layman's terms a lot today, 00:35:25.280 --> 00:35:27.050 I apologize in advance. That's all right. 00:35:27.050 --> 00:35:29.040 The, so regulation service, 00:35:29.040 --> 00:35:31.300 that's something you can turn on in four seconds. 00:35:31.300 --> 00:35:32.133 Right. That version, 00:35:32.133 --> 00:35:33.990 the top version in the blue, 00:35:33.990 --> 00:35:38.880 that's as ACs turn on, or the sun sets, 00:35:38.880 --> 00:35:43.880 or just a quick imbalance in between general, 00:35:45.510 --> 00:35:47.950 electricity produced and consumed. 00:35:47.950 --> 00:35:52.950 Responsive reserve service is, was it a few minutes? 00:35:54.430 --> 00:35:56.240 It's actually also in the order of seconds. 00:35:56.240 --> 00:35:57.960 It's order of seconds, so that's bigger chunks, 00:35:57.960 --> 00:36:01.420 like a big industrial consumer turns on 00:36:01.420 --> 00:36:04.210 or transmission lines go down 00:36:04.210 --> 00:36:08.210 or some major disruption in the balance 00:36:08.210 --> 00:36:10.450 between electricity generating consumers. 00:36:10.450 --> 00:36:11.710 Is that? Right. 00:36:11.710 --> 00:36:15.245 A much larger disturbance of some type has now put, 00:36:15.245 --> 00:36:18.560 it'd create a large imbalance in that supply and demand. 00:36:18.560 --> 00:36:19.927 Like if a nuke tripped, and that 00:36:19.927 --> 00:36:21.662 400 megawatts goes off, Right. 00:36:21.662 --> 00:36:23.520 (snaps fingers) They engage that. 00:36:23.520 --> 00:36:24.440 That's exactly right. 00:36:24.440 --> 00:36:26.779 So, it's still four seconds but bigger chunks. 00:36:26.779 --> 00:36:28.250 And yeah, in fact, and to some degree, 00:36:28.250 --> 00:36:30.560 it actually doesn't even wait for an ERCOT signal. 00:36:30.560 --> 00:36:33.400 It actually senses that imbalance 00:36:33.400 --> 00:36:34.740 that we refer to as frequency, 00:36:34.740 --> 00:36:37.280 it will recognize that decrease in frequency now 00:36:37.280 --> 00:36:39.620 that we, you know, demand is outstripping supply 00:36:39.620 --> 00:36:40.467 by that significant amount. 00:36:40.467 --> 00:36:43.430 And it will automatically kick in to help recover. 00:36:43.430 --> 00:36:44.910 But businesses that own 00:36:44.910 --> 00:36:49.010 these generating assets have been paid in advance 00:36:49.010 --> 00:36:50.920 to make sure they're up and running? 00:36:50.920 --> 00:36:51.753 Correct. 00:36:51.753 --> 00:36:52.600 So, for all the services here, 00:36:52.600 --> 00:36:56.080 these are procured advanced in the day ahead market 00:36:56.080 --> 00:36:58.130 for folks to be online and available. 00:36:58.130 --> 00:36:59.300 In the case of non-spin, 00:36:59.300 --> 00:37:01.340 folks are able to do that from an offline status. 00:37:01.340 --> 00:37:03.250 They just have to be able to start within 30 minutes, 00:37:03.250 --> 00:37:05.380 but in all cases to be on the ready 00:37:05.380 --> 00:37:07.150 to provide these services as needed. 00:37:07.150 --> 00:37:10.050 So, could you give us just a quick overview on how that, 00:37:10.977 --> 00:37:12.420 I don't want it to sound crazy, 00:37:12.420 --> 00:37:14.210 but how that cash changes hands. 00:37:14.210 --> 00:37:16.010 like that's an independent business 00:37:16.010 --> 00:37:18.363 in the ERCOT marketplace, the day before, 00:37:19.230 --> 00:37:23.850 I know some of the ancillary services are looked at 00:37:23.850 --> 00:37:26.230 well in advance and anticipated, 00:37:26.230 --> 00:37:28.700 there's an anticipated amount of how much will we need 00:37:28.700 --> 00:37:30.600 on a certain day at a certain time. 00:37:30.600 --> 00:37:33.020 How does, how do the gears turn 00:37:33.020 --> 00:37:37.240 on one, a business being identified 00:37:37.240 --> 00:37:39.550 as needing to provide responsive reserve 00:37:39.550 --> 00:37:41.700 or non-spin the day ahead? 00:37:41.700 --> 00:37:45.700 And how do those gears turn and the transaction take place? 00:37:45.700 --> 00:37:46.533 Yeah, sure. 00:37:46.533 --> 00:37:48.700 So, typically, in our current design, 00:37:48.700 --> 00:37:50.080 we actually tell, 00:37:50.080 --> 00:37:52.620 we actually we post every December how much we think 00:37:52.620 --> 00:37:54.390 we're going to need for every hour of the day 00:37:54.390 --> 00:37:56.030 for the entire next year. 00:37:56.030 --> 00:37:57.370 So, that information is out there. 00:37:57.370 --> 00:37:59.010 It's technically a minimum amount, 00:37:59.010 --> 00:38:00.010 so, we can increase it 00:38:00.010 --> 00:38:02.083 if we see the reliability needs change, 00:38:02.083 --> 00:38:06.580 but that's when we make people aware of the amount 00:38:06.580 --> 00:38:08.293 that we expect to need. 00:38:09.150 --> 00:38:11.420 And in terms of how those are paid for, 00:38:11.420 --> 00:38:12.440 I think that's kind of helpful place 00:38:12.440 --> 00:38:14.270 to start is those costs are going 00:38:14.270 --> 00:38:15.893 to be allocated to load based 00:38:15.893 --> 00:38:19.370 on how much they're consuming relative to everyone else. 00:38:19.370 --> 00:38:24.150 And so, folks have to kind of gauge, on the load side, 00:38:24.150 --> 00:38:26.630 an expectation of how much they're going to consume 00:38:26.630 --> 00:38:29.380 to get a feel for what their portion 00:38:29.380 --> 00:38:32.660 of the total ancillary service costs are going to be. 00:38:32.660 --> 00:38:35.603 Now, when we get to the realtime, I'm sorry, 00:38:35.603 --> 00:38:38.520 into the day ahead market where they're actually procured, 00:38:38.520 --> 00:38:41.240 ERCOT, sort of the optimization, 00:38:41.240 --> 00:38:44.450 is sort of clearing it on behalf of load. 00:38:44.450 --> 00:38:46.120 So for example, 00:38:46.120 --> 00:38:48.469 we will tell within the day ahead market 00:38:48.469 --> 00:38:53.340 that we need 200 megawatts of that regulation service. 00:38:53.340 --> 00:38:56.410 And we have a variety of folks within the marketplace 00:38:56.410 --> 00:38:58.450 and again, it includes generation, 00:38:58.450 --> 00:39:01.690 in some cases, load for some of these services as well 00:39:01.690 --> 00:39:06.010 that can bid in to supply them within our day ahead market. 00:39:06.010 --> 00:39:07.750 And we will simply clear, 00:39:07.750 --> 00:39:09.910 again to try and find the most cost-effective way 00:39:09.910 --> 00:39:11.210 to get those services, 00:39:11.210 --> 00:39:13.260 recognizing that we're also solving for energy 00:39:13.260 --> 00:39:15.270 and other things as well within the day ahead. 00:39:15.270 --> 00:39:17.890 So again, what does- And ERCOT, 00:39:17.890 --> 00:39:20.420 says 200, we're going to need 200 megawatts 00:39:20.420 --> 00:39:24.040 of the combination of non-spin, 00:39:24.040 --> 00:39:27.630 responsive, reserved, et cetera for tomorrow. 00:39:27.630 --> 00:39:31.920 ERCOT cuts the deal, for lack of a better term. 00:39:31.920 --> 00:39:35.150 And then those costs to the lowest bidder 00:39:35.150 --> 00:39:38.770 or to the most optimal allocation 00:39:38.770 --> 00:39:42.180 of those 200 megawatts price, geography, time. 00:39:42.180 --> 00:39:44.170 And then at a later point, 00:39:44.170 --> 00:39:47.060 those costs are allocated to load based on the share. 00:39:47.060 --> 00:39:47.893 Correct. 00:39:47.893 --> 00:39:48.726 So, yeah, we will pay as part 00:39:48.726 --> 00:39:50.600 of just our day ahead market settlement, 00:39:50.600 --> 00:39:53.500 all the folks who were actually awarded, 00:39:53.500 --> 00:39:56.500 based on the actual clearing of the day ahead. 00:39:56.500 --> 00:39:58.970 And then they have now a really, this is, 00:39:58.970 --> 00:40:01.610 the damage is in financial in many ways 00:40:01.610 --> 00:40:02.810 as it relates to ancillary services, 00:40:02.810 --> 00:40:03.770 it's much more physical. 00:40:03.770 --> 00:40:04.883 So, there really is an expectation now 00:40:04.883 --> 00:40:07.170 that you have this responsibility 00:40:07.170 --> 00:40:08.810 and then you have your plants on the ready 00:40:08.810 --> 00:40:09.643 to provide these services. 00:40:09.643 --> 00:40:11.343 All right. I appreciate it. 00:40:15.380 --> 00:40:16.800 All right, if we go to the next slide, 00:40:16.800 --> 00:40:18.920 I mentioned that we have talked 00:40:18.920 --> 00:40:21.600 about these services over time with the stakeholders, 00:40:21.600 --> 00:40:23.210 and there actually are a couple of changes 00:40:23.210 --> 00:40:24.302 that are already underway. 00:40:24.302 --> 00:40:26.333 I just wanted to make you all aware of them. 00:40:27.190 --> 00:40:29.940 These were actually done as part of a change to the rules. 00:40:29.940 --> 00:40:33.190 It was Nodal Protocol Revision Request 863. 00:40:33.190 --> 00:40:34.980 That was discussed for quite some time 00:40:34.980 --> 00:40:37.510 in the stakeholder process a couple of years ago. 00:40:37.510 --> 00:40:40.160 And there were two main concepts that were included 00:40:40.160 --> 00:40:41.673 in that change to the rules. 00:40:42.570 --> 00:40:43.950 First was the creation 00:40:43.950 --> 00:40:46.360 of something we call fast frequency response. 00:40:46.360 --> 00:40:50.430 This is a subset of our existing responsive reserve service. 00:40:50.430 --> 00:40:53.930 And really what makes this unique is that it's fast, 00:40:53.930 --> 00:40:57.390 even faster potentially than what we typically see 00:40:57.390 --> 00:40:59.630 with our response reserve product. 00:40:59.630 --> 00:41:01.870 But we only expect a sustained response 00:41:01.870 --> 00:41:02.990 for up to 15 minutes. 00:41:02.990 --> 00:41:04.620 So, all of our other services, 00:41:04.620 --> 00:41:07.660 we expect you to be able to sustain it for a full hour. 00:41:07.660 --> 00:41:10.610 That is unique here, where this service is very fast, 00:41:10.610 --> 00:41:13.070 but we only have more of a time limitation 00:41:13.070 --> 00:41:14.520 on how long we can expect it. 00:41:16.310 --> 00:41:18.460 And then the third piece is actually the creation 00:41:18.460 --> 00:41:19.790 of an entirely new service. 00:41:19.790 --> 00:41:22.440 We call it a ERCOT Contingency Reserve Service, 00:41:22.440 --> 00:41:24.160 and this is much more like non-spin. 00:41:24.160 --> 00:41:26.920 It's not necessarily about the exact second now, 00:41:26.920 --> 00:41:29.386 but a 10 minute ramp product to help us kind of get ahead 00:41:29.386 --> 00:41:31.722 of things that we're predicting here 00:41:31.722 --> 00:41:33.440 in the very near future. 00:41:33.440 --> 00:41:34.790 So, this is going to be outside 00:41:34.790 --> 00:41:37.070 of the three tier ancillary service? 00:41:37.070 --> 00:41:37.903 Correct. 00:41:37.903 --> 00:41:39.430 This actually would be a fourth item on that list 00:41:39.430 --> 00:41:40.900 that is not included today. 00:41:40.900 --> 00:41:42.750 Okay. So Dave, 00:41:42.750 --> 00:41:45.070 and for, you know, just background purposes, 00:41:45.070 --> 00:41:46.860 I think what you were referring 00:41:46.860 --> 00:41:48.680 to earlier is ERCOT's evaluation 00:41:48.680 --> 00:41:51.000 of future ancillary services 00:41:51.000 --> 00:41:54.850 that ERCOT underwent a few years ago 00:41:54.850 --> 00:41:58.090 to try to identify what additional new services were needed 00:41:59.620 --> 00:42:02.810 to address the resource mix that's on the grid. 00:42:02.810 --> 00:42:04.450 So, more wind, maybe, 00:42:04.450 --> 00:42:05.910 at the time, I think just more wind. 00:42:05.910 --> 00:42:06.920 I think the proliferation 00:42:06.920 --> 00:42:08.750 of solar has just recently taken place, 00:42:08.750 --> 00:42:11.720 but that's how those two new products came about 00:42:12.680 --> 00:42:13.810 out of a suite of products 00:42:13.810 --> 00:42:15.010 that were looked at at the time, 00:42:15.010 --> 00:42:17.650 through that feature ancillary services evaluation. 00:42:17.650 --> 00:42:18.890 And so these products are, 00:42:18.890 --> 00:42:20.720 were born out of that evaluation 00:42:21.620 --> 00:42:24.610 and then I think, for purposes of the public 00:42:24.610 --> 00:42:28.513 and my peers here, FFR, 00:42:29.660 --> 00:42:32.400 can you describe like what kinds of resources would be able 00:42:32.400 --> 00:42:34.393 to provide those new products? 00:42:35.570 --> 00:42:37.940 Right, so, I think one of the key areas 00:42:37.940 --> 00:42:40.500 that we see is energy storage resources looking 00:42:40.500 --> 00:42:41.780 to participate in that. 00:42:41.780 --> 00:42:44.507 Again, they are able to respond very quickly, 00:42:44.507 --> 00:42:46.590 but can have more duration limitations 00:42:46.590 --> 00:42:49.010 that are kind of unique to that type of technology 00:42:49.010 --> 00:42:50.770 that may not exist for other technologies. 00:42:50.770 --> 00:42:52.260 So, that was one of the things 00:42:52.260 --> 00:42:54.560 that certainly helped open the door I think 00:42:54.560 --> 00:42:56.130 for participation from energy storage, 00:42:56.130 --> 00:42:58.430 specifically in the ancillary services market. 00:42:59.400 --> 00:43:01.470 Although it is not specifically only allowed 00:43:01.470 --> 00:43:02.303 for that type of technology, 00:43:02.303 --> 00:43:05.020 it is open for others who are able to qualify. 00:43:05.020 --> 00:43:07.090 How far in advance, well, 00:43:07.090 --> 00:43:11.510 so, the details are still being worked out on ECRS, 00:43:11.510 --> 00:43:12.840 or have you launched? 00:43:12.840 --> 00:43:13.673 I mean, is this? 00:43:13.673 --> 00:43:17.240 So, yeah, actually ECRS has not been put in place yet. 00:43:17.240 --> 00:43:19.320 That was actually part of our passport program. 00:43:19.320 --> 00:43:20.520 And so, I was- Okay. 00:43:20.520 --> 00:43:21.353 Exactly when it's going 00:43:21.353 --> 00:43:23.630 to be delivered is still a little bit under discussion. 00:43:23.630 --> 00:43:26.430 In terms of the parameters of the discussion, 00:43:26.430 --> 00:43:30.560 when is the bid schedule on ECRS? 00:43:30.560 --> 00:43:31.730 What do you envision there? 00:43:31.730 --> 00:43:35.550 Because again, this is a charge discharge type issue. 00:43:35.550 --> 00:43:38.440 So, what's the topics under discussion 00:43:38.440 --> 00:43:40.230 or the range of options under discussion? 00:43:40.230 --> 00:43:41.273 So, I'm sorry. The rules have been placed. 00:43:41.273 --> 00:43:43.480 We just have necessarily put it into production, 00:43:43.480 --> 00:43:44.840 actually made the software changes. 00:43:44.840 --> 00:43:46.320 Similar to the other services, 00:43:46.320 --> 00:43:47.492 it'd be something that we would clear 00:43:47.492 --> 00:43:49.120 as part of our day ahead market. 00:43:49.120 --> 00:43:49.953 Okay. 00:43:52.290 --> 00:43:55.030 And so, what would be an example of ECRS? 00:43:55.030 --> 00:43:56.678 Is that storage as well? 00:43:56.678 --> 00:43:59.520 Are there are other examples for that product? 00:43:59.520 --> 00:44:01.183 Well, I guess maybe the easiest example is 00:44:01.183 --> 00:44:02.780 that there are units out there 00:44:02.780 --> 00:44:04.890 that actually can start in 10 minutes, 00:44:04.890 --> 00:44:06.480 but right now there's not a separate, 00:44:06.480 --> 00:44:08.740 but it can be offline and start up within 10 minutes, 00:44:08.740 --> 00:44:10.750 but there's not a specific product for them. 00:44:10.750 --> 00:44:13.850 So, they would participate, for example, in our non-spin, 00:44:13.850 --> 00:44:15.620 which is a 30 minute product 00:44:15.620 --> 00:44:18.070 and they actually could respond quicker if we needed them. 00:44:18.070 --> 00:44:19.680 Would that be like Quick Starts? 00:44:19.680 --> 00:44:21.090 Yeah. The Quick Start resources, exactly. 00:44:21.090 --> 00:44:22.340 So, those combustion turbines. 00:44:22.340 --> 00:44:25.650 Economically, would it allow for more discretion 00:44:25.650 --> 00:44:30.650 of pricing per, by response, right? 00:44:31.160 --> 00:44:33.110 Right, Precise pricing. 00:44:33.110 --> 00:44:35.870 Yeah, I recognize I think the even improved attribute 00:44:35.870 --> 00:44:37.573 of being able to ramp even more quickly 00:44:37.573 --> 00:44:38.553 than what we see with the 30 minutes. 00:44:38.553 --> 00:44:41.270 You get different economic reward for ramp speed. 00:44:41.270 --> 00:44:42.920 Right, for that flexibility in ramp. 00:44:42.920 --> 00:44:44.510 And that's really important, I think, 00:44:44.510 --> 00:44:47.450 because as we have more storage enter the market, 00:44:47.450 --> 00:44:50.780 you now have a new product in the ancillary service market 00:44:50.780 --> 00:44:54.200 at ERCOT to allow them participate in the market 00:44:54.200 --> 00:44:57.270 for variety of reasons, as Dave explained, 00:44:57.270 --> 00:45:00.740 but also ECRS would allow the Quick Starts, 00:45:00.740 --> 00:45:03.450 which would provide a little bit more megawatts for- 00:45:03.450 --> 00:45:05.201 The peaking, peakers. Yeah. 00:45:05.201 --> 00:45:06.890 Yeah, the peakers 00:45:06.890 --> 00:45:09.870 to help with load variability and reliability. 00:45:09.870 --> 00:45:12.000 So, thank you. 00:45:12.000 --> 00:45:13.730 Yeah, and of course, they are able to participate now, 00:45:13.730 --> 00:45:15.880 but this just adds a new service 00:45:15.880 --> 00:45:19.393 to recognize their unique attribute there. 00:45:19.393 --> 00:45:20.680 I just, in terms of the timing, 00:45:20.680 --> 00:45:22.730 we actually did implement an initial phase 00:45:22.730 --> 00:45:25.390 of the fast frequency response back in 20, 00:45:25.390 --> 00:45:26.683 I'm sorry, in early 2020. 00:45:27.520 --> 00:45:30.960 And we are improving on that original implementation, 00:45:30.960 --> 00:45:33.270 not necessarily changing the functionality too much, 00:45:33.270 --> 00:45:37.650 but trying to improve the capabilities there, 00:45:37.650 --> 00:45:40.260 currently scheduled for about the end of this year. 00:45:40.260 --> 00:45:42.610 And at least that's where we have it right now. 00:45:43.750 --> 00:45:44.583 And as I mentioned, 00:45:44.583 --> 00:45:45.900 ECRS is still a little bit under discussion 00:45:45.900 --> 00:45:48.450 in terms of when that will actually be implemented. 00:45:51.100 --> 00:45:52.240 On the next slide, 00:45:52.240 --> 00:45:54.200 I wanted just to talk to you all a little bit 00:45:54.200 --> 00:45:56.070 about the operating reserve demand curve, 00:45:56.070 --> 00:45:58.340 probably something that you've heard of quite a bit about, 00:45:58.340 --> 00:46:00.420 or already discussed, 00:46:00.420 --> 00:46:02.740 but just to provide a little bit of history here. 00:46:02.740 --> 00:46:05.480 This was really a concept that originally came out 00:46:05.480 --> 00:46:10.010 of a filing by GDF SUEZ of a paper by Dr. Bill Hogan, 00:46:10.010 --> 00:46:12.490 all the way back in November, 2012. 00:46:12.490 --> 00:46:16.343 And it was actually part of a Commission project 40000. 00:46:17.650 --> 00:46:20.680 And sort of after the filing of this paper, 00:46:20.680 --> 00:46:22.730 there was a number of meetings and discussions 00:46:22.730 --> 00:46:25.510 in the stakeholder and at the Commission, 00:46:25.510 --> 00:46:27.450 all thinking about that project 00:46:27.450 --> 00:46:29.010 and really out of that paper 00:46:29.010 --> 00:46:31.730 and discussions is the ORDC concept 00:46:31.730 --> 00:46:34.010 that we have in effect today. 00:46:34.010 --> 00:46:37.790 It was originally implemented back in June of 2014. 00:46:37.790 --> 00:46:39.977 There have been some changes, but, 00:46:39.977 --> 00:46:42.010 and I'll talk a little bit that on the next slide, 00:46:42.010 --> 00:46:44.820 but broadly the concept has stayed the same 00:46:44.820 --> 00:46:48.040 since that time in 2014. 00:46:48.040 --> 00:46:50.410 Now, the overall purpose of the ORDC is 00:46:50.410 --> 00:46:54.170 to really determine the value of online reserves. 00:46:54.170 --> 00:46:56.550 So, the reserves that are available to us right now, 00:46:56.550 --> 00:46:58.510 as well as the offline reserves, 00:46:58.510 --> 00:47:00.200 so things that are available, 00:47:00.200 --> 00:47:03.740 but may take some time and trying to do that valuation 00:47:03.740 --> 00:47:07.170 and in realtime and factors in sort of two key points 00:47:07.170 --> 00:47:10.180 of what is the current level of reserves 00:47:10.180 --> 00:47:12.450 and to what degree are those reserves helping us 00:47:12.450 --> 00:47:15.540 prevent getting into an emergency condition. 00:47:15.540 --> 00:47:17.290 And I'll talk a little bit more on the next slide 00:47:17.290 --> 00:47:18.247 with the shape of the ORDC, 00:47:18.247 --> 00:47:21.060 you can kind of see how that ends up looking 00:47:21.060 --> 00:47:22.733 in terms of pricing outcomes. 00:47:24.690 --> 00:47:26.073 Moving to the next slide, 00:47:27.580 --> 00:47:29.560 I have a few different ORDCs here. 00:47:29.560 --> 00:47:31.900 I'll kind of come back to the changes over time, 00:47:31.900 --> 00:47:33.080 but these are all, 00:47:33.080 --> 00:47:35.800 all three kind of give you a feel of the shape here. 00:47:35.800 --> 00:47:37.140 On the X axis, 00:47:37.140 --> 00:47:40.210 we have the available reserves and on the Y axis, 00:47:40.210 --> 00:47:42.830 we have the value of those reserves. 00:47:42.830 --> 00:47:45.010 And as you can see, if you go to the far right, 00:47:45.010 --> 00:47:47.290 when we have an abundant amount of reserves, 00:47:47.290 --> 00:47:49.100 we're further away from emergency, 00:47:49.100 --> 00:47:50.550 we're less scarce on them. 00:47:50.550 --> 00:47:54.080 You see lower values and lower prices for them. 00:47:54.080 --> 00:47:57.950 However, as the thing, as the reserves become more scarce, 00:47:57.950 --> 00:48:00.888 as we get closer to potential emergency conditions, 00:48:00.888 --> 00:48:03.050 we're looking to strengthen that incentive 00:48:03.050 --> 00:48:04.170 that we have in the market, 00:48:04.170 --> 00:48:07.420 and you can see the price increase fairly dramatically 00:48:07.420 --> 00:48:11.014 and fairly quickly up to the current defined level 00:48:11.014 --> 00:48:13.750 of 2,000 megawatts, at which case we put it 00:48:13.750 --> 00:48:17.310 at the maximum value for the realtime prices. 00:48:17.310 --> 00:48:22.290 So on the Y axis, that value of loss load is what? 00:48:22.290 --> 00:48:23.780 The value of lost load is typically 00:48:23.780 --> 00:48:25.680 that $9,000 per megawatt hour 00:48:25.680 --> 00:48:28.580 or $9,000 per megawatt hour of value, 00:48:28.580 --> 00:48:30.740 it is currently with the L-CAP in effect 00:48:30.740 --> 00:48:32.570 at that $2,000 value. $2,000. Got you. 00:48:32.570 --> 00:48:34.893 So in practice, 00:48:35.860 --> 00:48:39.650 the X axis we see here are the available reserves. 00:48:39.650 --> 00:48:41.273 So, as that gets from, 00:48:42.140 --> 00:48:47.140 we've got 60,000 megawatt, just hypothetically, 00:48:47.360 --> 00:48:51.580 60,000 megawatts of demand for electricity. 00:48:51.580 --> 00:48:55.223 And as the available supply goes from 70,000 to 69,000, 00:48:57.553 --> 00:49:02.113 to 68,000, to 67,000 to 66,000, I guess this, 00:49:03.110 --> 00:49:04.050 for lack of a better term, 00:49:04.050 --> 00:49:09.000 the bonus payment to be generating electricity. 00:49:09.000 --> 00:49:11.620 So, this only goes into play starting 00:49:11.620 --> 00:49:16.620 when you're down at 4,500-ish of extra reserves? 00:49:16.670 --> 00:49:18.317 Yeah, I mean, there are some very minor prices 00:49:18.317 --> 00:49:21.610 that kind of go out to those very high reserve levels, 00:49:21.610 --> 00:49:24.380 but they're very, they're a very small component 00:49:24.380 --> 00:49:25.600 and to get down to, 00:49:25.600 --> 00:49:27.600 I forget exactly where they get down to even just the penny, 00:49:27.600 --> 00:49:28.650 but yes. Okay. 00:49:28.650 --> 00:49:30.750 So to get something meaningful, is the, 00:49:30.750 --> 00:49:33.920 is that a log scale on the Y axis or is that linear? 00:49:33.920 --> 00:49:37.790 It's more of a, it's a logarithmic scale. 00:49:37.790 --> 00:49:39.550 Okay (laughs). Up until, of course, 00:49:39.550 --> 00:49:41.069 where you actually have the sort of shelf there 00:49:41.069 --> 00:49:43.780 at the very far left. Right. Okay. 00:49:43.780 --> 00:49:46.670 So, that's, the Y axis is a example, 00:49:46.670 --> 00:49:51.670 not a one-to-one dollar by dollar, but so, I guess the, 00:49:52.120 --> 00:49:56.510 I think a key point of this is 00:49:56.510 --> 00:49:59.320 that the bonus payment doesn't kick in 00:49:59.320 --> 00:50:01.940 until, meaningful way, until you've got say, 00:50:01.940 --> 00:50:04.770 35, 3,000 megawatts? 00:50:04.770 --> 00:50:05.633 I don't, you can tell me, I mean. 00:50:05.633 --> 00:50:07.560 I mean, I think even now, 00:50:07.560 --> 00:50:10.530 probably in the range of 4,000 or above, 00:50:10.530 --> 00:50:12.240 you do start to see, 00:50:12.240 --> 00:50:13.850 relative to what we would typically see 00:50:13.850 --> 00:50:15.280 in terms of the wholesale market prices, 00:50:15.280 --> 00:50:17.990 you start to see some significant values. 00:50:17.990 --> 00:50:20.690 Certainly, those really extreme type of ones 00:50:20.690 --> 00:50:23.030 in the thousands of dollars occur really not 00:50:23.030 --> 00:50:25.280 until you get down to that 4,000 or less. 00:50:25.280 --> 00:50:26.480 When, so from, 00:50:28.290 --> 00:50:31.283 so, to get the big bonuses you got to be, you have, 00:50:32.380 --> 00:50:37.100 you've got to have less than 4,000 megawatts of extra supply 00:50:37.100 --> 00:50:39.740 of electricity over your demand. 00:50:39.740 --> 00:50:43.610 At what point of available reserves do we start moving 00:50:43.610 --> 00:50:47.580 into advisories in emergency conditions? 00:50:47.580 --> 00:50:49.390 Yeah, and so there's a little bit of distinction. 00:50:49.390 --> 00:50:50.900 This, I will say on the reserves here, 00:50:50.900 --> 00:50:54.543 it kind of looks more generally at available capacity. 00:50:55.590 --> 00:50:56.930 When we look at emergency, 00:50:56.930 --> 00:50:58.450 it's based on a slightly different measure, 00:50:58.450 --> 00:51:00.210 we call it physical responsive capability. 00:51:00.210 --> 00:51:02.010 That's not only just capacity, 00:51:02.010 --> 00:51:04.370 but that it's frequency responsive. 00:51:04.370 --> 00:51:05.203 But within that, 00:51:05.203 --> 00:51:08.750 usually it's around 3,000 megawatts of that PRC, 00:51:08.750 --> 00:51:11.060 that physical responsive capacity value 00:51:11.060 --> 00:51:14.677 that we start doing things like the advisories and all that. 00:51:14.677 --> 00:51:16.743 And it's down closer to, well, 00:51:16.743 --> 00:51:18.860 2,300 is when we actually start getting 00:51:18.860 --> 00:51:22.400 into those energy emergency alert type of conditions, 00:51:22.400 --> 00:51:24.190 or at least the initial levels of it. 00:51:24.190 --> 00:51:25.023 Okay. 00:51:25.023 --> 00:51:27.500 So, you got to get pretty close to the emergencies 00:51:27.500 --> 00:51:29.240 for the bonus payments to really kick in 00:51:29.240 --> 00:51:30.900 in a substantial way. 00:51:30.900 --> 00:51:31.733 Right, and it's, you know, 00:51:31.733 --> 00:51:33.580 and it's really then as we are 00:51:33.580 --> 00:51:35.700 between effectively levels one and two, 00:51:35.700 --> 00:51:37.510 that emergency energy alert 00:51:37.510 --> 00:51:40.500 that we actually see those prices go to that maximum value. 00:51:40.500 --> 00:51:42.260 So, we're already in the emergency 00:51:42.260 --> 00:51:44.110 when prices go to that maximum value. 00:51:44.110 --> 00:51:46.492 To get to the value of loss load. 00:51:46.492 --> 00:51:47.990 To get to that value of loss load, yeah. 00:51:47.990 --> 00:51:48.823 Okay. 00:51:48.823 --> 00:51:53.430 And at that point you're, for between the emergency, 00:51:53.430 --> 00:51:54.850 the first emergency condition 00:51:54.850 --> 00:51:56.640 and the second emergency condition is when 00:51:56.640 --> 00:51:59.876 that really the prices get to that point. 00:51:59.876 --> 00:52:01.610 That's where that final step you see 00:52:01.610 --> 00:52:03.356 where it does finally kick into that value 00:52:03.356 --> 00:52:04.700 of loss load, right. Typically. Okay. 00:52:04.700 --> 00:52:07.550 And then at that point, if you're, 00:52:07.550 --> 00:52:08.893 once you get to, 00:52:10.160 --> 00:52:12.393 how far, I guess, at that point, 00:52:12.393 --> 00:52:14.870 when you get to the second emergency condition, 00:52:14.870 --> 00:52:19.870 there's only three, how far are you away from load shed? 00:52:20.060 --> 00:52:22.210 So the, In terms of reserve. 00:52:22.210 --> 00:52:24.570 Right, so the, I'll kind of equate, 00:52:24.570 --> 00:52:25.610 in this case, by the way, 00:52:25.610 --> 00:52:28.127 as you get close into emergency, the number fairly converge. 00:52:28.127 --> 00:52:30.927 So, I can kind of use directly the reserves here 00:52:30.927 --> 00:52:33.453 and that PRC value I was talking about. 00:52:34.450 --> 00:52:36.792 So, the value at which we would typically have 00:52:36.792 --> 00:52:39.680 to start considering firm load shed, 00:52:39.680 --> 00:52:40.810 there's not an exact number, 00:52:40.810 --> 00:52:43.673 but it's between about 1,000 and I would say, 00:52:43.673 --> 00:52:46.770 1,200 megawatts of that PRC value 00:52:46.770 --> 00:52:48.160 that would be then when we would have 00:52:48.160 --> 00:52:51.290 to take that final step that we have. 00:52:51.290 --> 00:52:53.440 Okay, so if you're, 00:52:53.440 --> 00:52:54.580 those prices get up there 00:52:54.580 --> 00:52:57.350 when you're about 1,000 megawatts away from? 00:52:57.350 --> 00:52:58.183 Right, when they're still, yeah. 00:52:58.183 --> 00:52:59.016 Firm load shed, okay. 00:52:59.016 --> 00:53:00.470 Thank you. That's correct. 00:53:00.470 --> 00:53:04.020 So, Dave, just for purposes of, you know, 00:53:04.020 --> 00:53:05.299 putting a little bit more background on this, 00:53:05.299 --> 00:53:10.299 these years that you've noted 2018, 2019, 2020, 00:53:11.290 --> 00:53:13.780 those are just, would those be, I guess, 00:53:13.780 --> 00:53:16.557 actions that were taken by the PUC 00:53:16.557 --> 00:53:20.130 to sort of make the slope steeper? 00:53:20.130 --> 00:53:23.080 Yeah. Add more revenue 00:53:23.080 --> 00:53:25.350 to the market to incent more generation build out? 00:53:25.350 --> 00:53:26.290 Yeah, that's exactly right. 00:53:26.290 --> 00:53:28.640 There was an action by the Commission 00:53:28.640 --> 00:53:32.150 in early 2019 to, one, to strengthen the ORDC 00:53:32.150 --> 00:53:35.520 and the incentives that we have in the realtime market. 00:53:35.520 --> 00:53:39.340 And so, what we're comparing here is what the curve looked 00:53:39.340 --> 00:53:42.120 like between, during summer peak hours, 00:53:42.120 --> 00:53:46.550 looking at 2018 versus 2019 and 2020. 00:53:46.550 --> 00:53:49.490 And when the Commission took those actions in 2019, 00:53:49.490 --> 00:53:52.230 they actually asked for that strengthening 00:53:52.230 --> 00:53:53.670 to occur in two phases. 00:53:53.670 --> 00:53:57.784 And that's why you see a difference between 2019 and 2020. 00:53:57.784 --> 00:54:00.760 So, the 2018 value you can see, obviously, 00:54:00.760 --> 00:54:03.600 has the same sort of shape, 00:54:03.600 --> 00:54:05.880 but for the same level of reserves 00:54:05.880 --> 00:54:08.410 and all things being equal, has the lowest prices. 00:54:08.410 --> 00:54:12.200 There was a effectively a shift to the right for 2019 00:54:12.200 --> 00:54:14.803 and then an additional shift to the right for 2020. 00:54:19.230 --> 00:54:23.240 Right. I'm now recollecting all that. 00:54:23.240 --> 00:54:25.900 So can, so the value of loss load, 00:54:25.900 --> 00:54:27.400 you've described what that is. 00:54:28.770 --> 00:54:31.020 Can you describe the other components of the ORDC? 00:54:31.020 --> 00:54:33.120 I know there's like a standard deviation, 00:54:33.120 --> 00:54:33.953 and other components 00:54:33.953 --> 00:54:35.790 just for additional background purposes. 00:54:35.790 --> 00:54:37.140 Yeah, so, what really drives the shape, 00:54:37.140 --> 00:54:38.700 and I talked about sort of the, 00:54:38.700 --> 00:54:41.060 one of the drivers being how well it's keeping us 00:54:41.060 --> 00:54:44.760 from getting into an emergency condition is we actually look 00:54:44.760 --> 00:54:49.760 at the equivalent of a probability of going into emergency. 00:54:49.770 --> 00:54:50.800 So, we actually will look back 00:54:50.800 --> 00:54:53.440 and then what drives the shape is historical analysis, 00:54:53.440 --> 00:54:57.010 looking at things like, effectively, 00:54:57.010 --> 00:55:00.180 the amount of reserves we expected from one hour 00:55:00.180 --> 00:55:02.340 and how many we actually got an hour later. 00:55:02.340 --> 00:55:04.670 So, there's a number of things that factor into it. 00:55:04.670 --> 00:55:06.750 That could be a unit trip. 00:55:06.750 --> 00:55:08.790 That could be the load was more than expected. 00:55:08.790 --> 00:55:12.430 That could be that renewables were not forecasted correctly. 00:55:12.430 --> 00:55:15.700 Any of those things lead to in different ways 00:55:15.700 --> 00:55:18.800 that forecast of reserves not being accurate. 00:55:18.800 --> 00:55:21.870 And so, what really drives this is looking back at, 00:55:21.870 --> 00:55:24.690 I think the full history we have of the nodal market 00:55:24.690 --> 00:55:28.160 and saying, what was the reserves we expected? 00:55:28.160 --> 00:55:29.370 As we were, you know, 00:55:29.370 --> 00:55:33.010 an hour or so before the actual realtime market 00:55:33.010 --> 00:55:35.000 and what were the actual reserves we got? 00:55:35.000 --> 00:55:37.330 And that probability 00:55:37.330 --> 00:55:40.280 and that air distribution is what drives the shape here 00:55:40.280 --> 00:55:41.513 on the screen. 00:55:48.840 --> 00:55:49.673 Keep rolling. 00:55:49.673 --> 00:55:50.506 All right. Thank you. 00:55:50.506 --> 00:55:52.833 And I guess just one last, I guess, topic, 00:55:54.160 --> 00:55:56.833 I guess, following the implementation of the ORDC, 00:55:56.833 --> 00:56:00.100 there was still some concerns related to scarcity pricing. 00:56:00.100 --> 00:56:02.560 And the particular concern was that, 00:56:02.560 --> 00:56:06.223 as we get close to emergency conditions, 00:56:07.440 --> 00:56:10.690 there are actions that ERCOT will start to take 00:56:10.690 --> 00:56:12.580 as sort of defined within the rules 00:56:12.580 --> 00:56:14.730 to try to mitigate or prevent getting 00:56:14.730 --> 00:56:16.890 into those emergency conditions. 00:56:16.890 --> 00:56:19.740 And the problem that folks saw is that these, 00:56:19.740 --> 00:56:22.030 some of these out of market actions that we're taking 00:56:22.030 --> 00:56:24.900 for reliability purposes have the effect 00:56:24.900 --> 00:56:27.750 of suppressing prices in the wholesale market, 00:56:27.750 --> 00:56:29.450 sort of at the exact wrong time, right? 00:56:29.450 --> 00:56:32.180 We're trying to incentivize all the people in the market 00:56:32.180 --> 00:56:33.300 to be responding. 00:56:33.300 --> 00:56:34.480 And at the same time, 00:56:34.480 --> 00:56:35.870 if we're taking some of these actions, 00:56:35.870 --> 00:56:38.390 it's actually decreasing the price that we see out there 00:56:38.390 --> 00:56:39.223 in the wholesale market. 00:56:39.223 --> 00:56:40.910 And when you say taking actions, 00:56:40.910 --> 00:56:42.510 what do you mean by that? 00:56:42.510 --> 00:56:44.110 And actually, I got a kind of a list 00:56:44.110 --> 00:56:45.630 of all the things we include on the next slide, 00:56:45.630 --> 00:56:46.890 but it includes things, for example, 00:56:46.890 --> 00:56:49.500 of even ERCOT ordering one 00:56:49.500 --> 00:56:51.960 of those generators would be online that wasn't planning to. 00:56:51.960 --> 00:56:53.900 So, that wasn't an economic decision. 00:56:53.900 --> 00:56:57.270 That was a reliability decision by ERCOT to say, 00:56:57.270 --> 00:56:59.560 resource X, I want you to be online 00:56:59.560 --> 00:57:00.990 and operating during this period of time. 00:57:00.990 --> 00:57:02.510 And that's RUC-ing? 00:57:02.510 --> 00:57:04.980 Yes, that's a reliable unit commitment, or RUC. 00:57:04.980 --> 00:57:05.813 Okay. 00:57:07.440 --> 00:57:08.660 To mitigate some of these impacts, 00:57:08.660 --> 00:57:11.180 we did an initial implementation of what we call 00:57:11.180 --> 00:57:13.580 the reliability deployment price adder process 00:57:13.580 --> 00:57:18.290 in really just a year after ORDC in June, 2015. 00:57:18.290 --> 00:57:20.280 And the idea with this process is 00:57:20.280 --> 00:57:23.120 that we effectively run the market a second time, 00:57:23.120 --> 00:57:25.440 where we've now changed some of the inputs 00:57:25.440 --> 00:57:29.220 to try to offset these out of market reliability actions 00:57:29.220 --> 00:57:30.770 that ERCOT has taken. 00:57:30.770 --> 00:57:33.500 And it's that, essentially we run the market, 00:57:33.500 --> 00:57:36.940 use that for dispatch purposes and then determine prices 00:57:36.940 --> 00:57:40.400 through this second run to try to counteract 00:57:40.400 --> 00:57:43.833 or offset the pricing effect of those actions. 00:57:45.355 --> 00:57:47.040 And I have a graph here in a couple of slides 00:57:47.040 --> 00:57:48.530 that will sort of illustrate what that looks like 00:57:48.530 --> 00:57:50.543 from just a day, a couple of weeks ago. 00:57:52.430 --> 00:57:54.430 On the next slide, 00:57:54.430 --> 00:57:56.330 this is actually is the kind of the full list 00:57:56.330 --> 00:57:59.090 of actions sort of described broadly 00:57:59.090 --> 00:58:01.560 that we currently account for in this process. 00:58:01.560 --> 00:58:03.040 One of them that we just talked 00:58:03.040 --> 00:58:05.220 about is reliable unit commitment. 00:58:05.220 --> 00:58:06.420 We have the deployment 00:58:06.420 --> 00:58:09.500 of load resources and emergency response service. 00:58:09.500 --> 00:58:10.610 There are certain actions that 00:58:10.610 --> 00:58:13.330 if we start taking emergency action at the DC ties, 00:58:13.330 --> 00:58:14.450 that will account for it, 00:58:14.450 --> 00:58:17.710 as well as something called a block load transfers. 00:58:17.710 --> 00:58:19.310 And actually the newest addition, of course, 00:58:19.310 --> 00:58:21.230 that we've been discussing with you all a little bit in some 00:58:21.230 --> 00:58:24.040 of the open meetings is the inclusion of firm load shed. 00:58:24.040 --> 00:58:28.000 So, that rule change was actually approved by the board 00:58:28.000 --> 00:58:30.405 earlier this week, and it has actually became effective 00:58:30.405 --> 00:58:31.750 at midnight this morning. 00:58:31.750 --> 00:58:34.600 So that, that's currently in effect now as well. 00:58:34.600 --> 00:58:36.460 There are a couple of other items there 00:58:36.460 --> 00:58:39.320 that I mentioned that had been approved, 00:58:39.320 --> 00:58:41.260 but are pending software implementation. 00:58:41.260 --> 00:58:43.130 So, the rules have been written, 00:58:43.130 --> 00:58:46.123 but they're not necessarily effective at this point in time. 00:58:48.060 --> 00:58:49.970 And then on the last slide I have for you all, 00:58:49.970 --> 00:58:51.320 this is just a demonstration 00:58:51.320 --> 00:58:54.000 of what the deployment price adder process looks like. 00:58:54.000 --> 00:58:56.780 This is prices, system-wide prices, 00:58:56.780 --> 00:58:57.900 over the course of the day 00:58:57.900 --> 00:59:00.880 from just a couple of weeks ago on June 18th. 00:59:00.880 --> 00:59:02.440 And there's sort of three lines 00:59:02.440 --> 00:59:04.190 representing different prices here. 00:59:05.300 --> 00:59:06.880 The blue line, that's almost a little, 00:59:06.880 --> 00:59:09.540 a little hard to see is the original price 00:59:09.540 --> 00:59:11.513 that came out of our dispatch run. 00:59:12.680 --> 00:59:14.593 Now, on this particular day, 00:59:14.593 --> 00:59:16.730 ERCOT had taken action and we had done some 00:59:16.730 --> 00:59:18.240 of those reliability unit commitments 00:59:18.240 --> 00:59:19.700 and asked for some generators 00:59:19.700 --> 00:59:21.530 to be online during the afternoon 00:59:21.530 --> 00:59:25.000 from about a 1:00 to 5:00 PM. 00:59:25.000 --> 00:59:27.150 And when that happened, 00:59:27.150 --> 00:59:30.550 that triggered this execution of this separate process 00:59:30.550 --> 00:59:32.560 to determine the price impacts 00:59:32.560 --> 00:59:35.100 now that we've taken that out of market action 00:59:35.100 --> 00:59:39.310 and the delta, that that impact is what's reflected there 00:59:39.310 --> 00:59:41.350 in that bottom line in gray. 00:59:41.350 --> 00:59:42.470 Now in general, on this day, 00:59:42.470 --> 00:59:44.490 the impact was relatively small. 00:59:44.490 --> 00:59:47.000 I think prices in general were fairly mild 00:59:47.000 --> 00:59:48.667 in the wholesale market, 00:59:48.667 --> 00:59:50.540 but we did see a maximum impact 00:59:50.540 --> 00:59:53.050 of about $20 per megawatt hour. 00:59:53.050 --> 00:59:56.320 And it's that gray line that's added to the blue 00:59:56.320 --> 00:59:58.860 that determines that final price here on the graph. 00:59:58.860 --> 01:00:00.070 That's in green. 01:00:00.070 --> 01:00:01.220 And again, for most of the day, 01:00:01.220 --> 01:00:05.160 they're fairly similar, but you do see some delta there, 01:00:05.160 --> 01:00:07.840 right in that afternoon time where we did take that out 01:00:07.840 --> 01:00:10.370 of market action with the unit commitment. 01:00:10.370 --> 01:00:13.870 So that's, this is a mechanism 01:00:13.870 --> 01:00:18.870 to compensate for when ERCOT is concerned about reliability. 01:00:21.140 --> 01:00:26.140 It adds supply which offs, 01:00:27.770 --> 01:00:30.730 which cause, if there's, you know, supply and demand, 01:00:30.730 --> 01:00:35.510 if you add more supply, the price goes down, 01:00:35.510 --> 01:00:37.840 which caused a ripple effect. 01:00:37.840 --> 01:00:39.780 Well, if the price goes down, 01:00:39.780 --> 01:00:41.820 fewer people are going to be incentivized 01:00:41.820 --> 01:00:42.787 to add more supply. 01:00:42.787 --> 01:00:45.170 And so, this is designed to offset that. 01:00:45.170 --> 01:00:46.700 Yeah, that's right. 01:00:46.700 --> 01:00:47.590 And I guess I'll say, 01:00:47.590 --> 01:00:49.570 the actions are not only adding supply. 01:00:49.570 --> 01:00:50.950 I think the unit, 01:00:50.950 --> 01:00:53.060 the reliability unit commitments are the most common 01:00:53.060 --> 01:00:54.250 that we utilize. 01:00:54.250 --> 01:00:56.100 It could be actually reductions in demand 01:00:56.100 --> 01:00:58.140 that ERCOT has asked for too. 01:00:58.140 --> 01:00:59.687 So it actually, Sure. 01:00:59.687 --> 01:01:01.190 But the same logic applies. 01:01:01.190 --> 01:01:03.760 Where do those ancillary services fit into, 01:01:03.760 --> 01:01:06.940 in the sequence of a normal functioning market 01:01:06.940 --> 01:01:11.110 to calling ancillary services, to RUC-ing a unit? 01:01:11.110 --> 01:01:12.770 So, in the case of ancillary services, 01:01:12.770 --> 01:01:15.070 those are typically actually deployed through the market. 01:01:15.070 --> 01:01:17.610 So they're not accounted for within this particular process. 01:01:17.610 --> 01:01:20.680 This is really more either, you know, again, 01:01:20.680 --> 01:01:22.290 that commitment by ERCOT 01:01:22.290 --> 01:01:25.220 from a unit that didn't want it economically run 01:01:25.220 --> 01:01:26.740 or it's folks who, you know, 01:01:26.740 --> 01:01:29.230 for example, firm Lochet is an example where, of course, 01:01:29.230 --> 01:01:30.990 those folks are not directly participating 01:01:30.990 --> 01:01:31.920 in the wholesale market. 01:01:31.920 --> 01:01:33.920 And yet, we've asked for that action. 01:01:33.920 --> 01:01:35.080 So, those are the types of things 01:01:35.080 --> 01:01:36.510 that we account for in this process. 01:01:36.510 --> 01:01:37.956 In market versus out of market. 01:01:37.956 --> 01:01:39.206 That's right. 01:01:40.280 --> 01:01:41.113 Gotcha. 01:01:44.140 --> 01:01:44.973 All right. Thank you, Dave. 01:01:44.973 --> 01:01:46.480 Yep, and that's the last slide I had for you. 01:01:46.480 --> 01:01:48.161 Thank you for the time. 01:01:48.161 --> 01:01:50.583 I appreciate you fielding all those questions. 01:01:51.650 --> 01:01:52.905 Next up? 01:01:52.905 --> 01:01:55.363 Yes. 01:01:55.363 --> 01:01:56.645 Okay. 01:01:56.645 --> 01:01:57.562 Go ahead. Fire away, Carrie. 01:01:57.562 --> 01:01:58.395 Can you hear me? 01:01:58.395 --> 01:02:00.471 I can't tell if my microphone's on. 01:02:00.471 --> 01:02:01.317 Yes. 01:02:01.317 --> 01:02:02.150 Okay. 01:02:02.150 --> 01:02:05.810 Carrie Bivens, with the Independent Market Monitor 01:02:05.810 --> 01:02:08.620 and Dave covered a lot of topics. 01:02:08.620 --> 01:02:10.920 So, I think I'm just going to kind of dip in and out of some 01:02:10.920 --> 01:02:12.850 of the things that he talked about 01:02:12.850 --> 01:02:14.740 and expand upon it a little bit 01:02:14.740 --> 01:02:16.400 and then happy to take the questions 01:02:16.400 --> 01:02:17.750 that might arise from that. 01:02:18.980 --> 01:02:21.650 I just want to start by talking a little bit 01:02:21.650 --> 01:02:24.240 about electricity markets in general. 01:02:24.240 --> 01:02:27.500 They're quite unique to other types of commodity markets 01:02:27.500 --> 01:02:30.370 in that there's a vertical demand curve. 01:02:30.370 --> 01:02:32.960 Meaning, broadly speaking, 01:02:32.960 --> 01:02:36.550 the amount of energy that you use does not change minute 01:02:36.550 --> 01:02:38.267 to minute based on what the price is. 01:02:38.267 --> 01:02:40.610 Everybody has kind of a fixed demand. 01:02:40.610 --> 01:02:44.120 And then you have to procure generation to meet that demand. 01:02:44.120 --> 01:02:46.130 Of course, there's some demand response, you know, 01:02:46.130 --> 01:02:47.360 around there, but broadly speaking, 01:02:47.360 --> 01:02:50.370 it's a vertical demand curve, which is unique. 01:02:50.370 --> 01:02:54.610 And also, you know, electricity cannot be stored, barring, 01:02:54.610 --> 01:02:56.740 you know, energy storage technologies 01:02:56.740 --> 01:02:57.650 that are coming on the market. 01:02:57.650 --> 01:02:58.780 But for the most part, 01:02:58.780 --> 01:03:00.540 you have to generate exactly what you need 01:03:00.540 --> 01:03:02.930 at exactly the moment that you need it. 01:03:02.930 --> 01:03:07.650 So, these things combine to create the LMP markets 01:03:07.650 --> 01:03:11.100 that we have today and in ERCOT, 01:03:11.100 --> 01:03:16.100 we start with a system price we'll call system Lambda, 01:03:17.520 --> 01:03:18.930 and you'll see that a lot. 01:03:18.930 --> 01:03:21.310 And that is simply the constraint, 01:03:21.310 --> 01:03:24.530 the cost of the constraint for meeting supply, 01:03:24.530 --> 01:03:27.740 meeting the demand with the available supply. 01:03:27.740 --> 01:03:31.540 So, that's kind of just your base energy price. 01:03:31.540 --> 01:03:33.110 That's what the generator costs 01:03:33.110 --> 01:03:37.100 or the marginal cost of the marginal unit, 01:03:37.100 --> 01:03:40.510 short run marginal cost will set that system Lambda price. 01:03:40.510 --> 01:03:43.080 And so, that's your baseline energy price. 01:03:43.080 --> 01:03:46.110 On top of that, you're adding this ORDC adder, 01:03:46.110 --> 01:03:48.710 if there is one, and on top of that, 01:03:48.710 --> 01:03:51.260 the reliability deployment price adder, if you need, 01:03:51.260 --> 01:03:52.640 if there is one. 01:03:52.640 --> 01:03:54.760 And so those three components will combine 01:03:54.760 --> 01:03:59.760 to create the total system price at the time. 01:04:00.600 --> 01:04:03.350 Now, not only people, 01:04:03.350 --> 01:04:05.880 generators that are generating get that price, 01:04:05.880 --> 01:04:07.600 they get those adders. 01:04:07.600 --> 01:04:11.610 Also, if you're online, but maybe you're at your bottom, 01:04:11.610 --> 01:04:14.100 and you have plenty of room to move up, 01:04:14.100 --> 01:04:17.230 you actually get paid for what we'll call that headroom. 01:04:17.230 --> 01:04:21.380 You'll get paid the ORDC and the RDPA for that for, 01:04:21.380 --> 01:04:23.783 essentially, being reserve on the system. 01:04:25.660 --> 01:04:28.540 And so, those two components come 01:04:28.540 --> 01:04:29.580 into play in different ways. 01:04:29.580 --> 01:04:31.890 They're paying generators that are generating, 01:04:31.890 --> 01:04:33.220 they're also paying generators 01:04:33.220 --> 01:04:35.830 that are kind of online and available. 01:04:35.830 --> 01:04:36.670 Okay? 01:04:36.670 --> 01:04:40.580 And when we go to realtime co-optimization, 01:04:40.580 --> 01:04:44.050 the ORDC component of this will go away 01:04:44.050 --> 01:04:46.210 because it's kind of replicating 01:04:46.210 --> 01:04:50.723 what a ancillary service co-optimization would do. 01:04:53.520 --> 01:04:55.450 So, that's something that's kind of an artifact 01:04:55.450 --> 01:04:57.420 of our current market design. 01:04:57.420 --> 01:04:58.993 That will change in the future. 01:04:59.900 --> 01:05:02.320 So, Carrie, not to throw you off track, 01:05:02.320 --> 01:05:05.039 when RTC happens, Yes. 01:05:05.039 --> 01:05:08.470 How do ancillary services work under that construct? 01:05:08.470 --> 01:05:09.660 Yes. 01:05:09.660 --> 01:05:13.180 So, in realtime co-optimization, there will be, 01:05:13.180 --> 01:05:15.920 it's similar to like the day ahead market is now. 01:05:15.920 --> 01:05:20.920 You'll have demand curves that are created 01:05:21.860 --> 01:05:23.240 for each ancillary service. 01:05:23.240 --> 01:05:25.410 So right now, where we say, you know, 01:05:25.410 --> 01:05:28.570 we want to procure this number and it's just a fixed number. 01:05:28.570 --> 01:05:30.873 There'll actually be curves that are created, 01:05:31.830 --> 01:05:34.500 that'll reflect the value of each service. 01:05:34.500 --> 01:05:38.250 So, you know, regulation is the most valuable service. 01:05:38.250 --> 01:05:41.660 You have to have that load following every four seconds. 01:05:41.660 --> 01:05:44.630 The next most valuable is your responsive reserve service, 01:05:44.630 --> 01:05:46.130 which is that frequency response 01:05:46.130 --> 01:05:47.790 when you have a unit trip, 01:05:47.790 --> 01:05:50.190 and also the 10 minutes spinning reserves, 01:05:50.190 --> 01:05:51.250 and then you have non-spin, 01:05:51.250 --> 01:05:53.780 which is your least valuable service 01:05:53.780 --> 01:05:55.340 because it's that 30 minute service. 01:05:55.340 --> 01:05:58.000 And so, these demand curves will have different shapes. 01:05:58.000 --> 01:06:00.470 And then you'll have ancillary service offers 01:06:00.470 --> 01:06:02.170 from generators 01:06:02.170 --> 01:06:06.250 and you'll have the energy offers from generators. 01:06:06.250 --> 01:06:08.260 And so, the realtime cost optimization is going 01:06:08.260 --> 01:06:12.960 to take the optimal value of energy 01:06:12.960 --> 01:06:16.350 and ancillary services every five minutes. 01:06:16.350 --> 01:06:18.310 And so, it's going to re, so right now, 01:06:18.310 --> 01:06:20.460 you're procuring in the day ahead market. 01:06:20.460 --> 01:06:23.610 And you know, if you get awarded 100 megawatts of RS, 01:06:23.610 --> 01:06:26.300 you're providing 100 megawatts of RS in realtime. 01:06:26.300 --> 01:06:29.640 In this, you could be, it's a whole new market. 01:06:29.640 --> 01:06:32.640 So, every five minutes, it'll be telling you, 01:06:32.640 --> 01:06:33.740 are you providing RS? 01:06:33.740 --> 01:06:35.210 Yes or no? How many megawatts? 01:06:35.210 --> 01:06:37.263 Yes or no, you know, 50, 10. 01:06:38.150 --> 01:06:41.440 It's constantly rebalancing to reflect the fact 01:06:41.440 --> 01:06:44.280 that units are coming offline and online, 01:06:44.280 --> 01:06:47.713 costs may change between the day ahead and the realtime, 01:06:48.590 --> 01:06:50.360 and to get that most, 01:06:50.360 --> 01:06:54.450 the lowest cost ancillary services for the entire market. 01:06:54.450 --> 01:06:57.403 So, is it fair to swap? It's a mechanism of swapping? 01:06:58.310 --> 01:06:59.190 Yeah. Yeah. 01:06:59.190 --> 01:07:00.480 It's a trade-off, right? 01:07:00.480 --> 01:07:02.690 And so, I'll talk a little bit about opportunity costs, 01:07:02.690 --> 01:07:04.740 but a lot of the, 01:07:04.740 --> 01:07:08.840 ancillary services are primarily priced based 01:07:08.840 --> 01:07:10.800 on your opportunity costs. 01:07:10.800 --> 01:07:13.063 So, that's the cost that you have, 01:07:14.560 --> 01:07:17.930 if you're not providing energy, you have to save it, 01:07:17.930 --> 01:07:20.260 then you're losing out on the opportunity 01:07:20.260 --> 01:07:22.360 to get the energy price. 01:07:22.360 --> 01:07:24.210 So your ancillaries, 01:07:24.210 --> 01:07:25.660 you should be indifferent to whether 01:07:25.660 --> 01:07:27.900 or not you're providing an ancillary service 01:07:27.900 --> 01:07:31.230 or an energy megawatt 01:07:31.230 --> 01:07:33.275 because ERCOT needs the reserves 01:07:33.275 --> 01:07:34.920 Currently. And ERCOT needs the energy. 01:07:34.920 --> 01:07:36.710 And you, you know, 01:07:36.710 --> 01:07:39.050 you shouldn't prefer one or the other. 01:07:39.050 --> 01:07:40.220 Under the current framework? 01:07:40.220 --> 01:07:41.300 I'm talking about RTC, 01:07:41.300 --> 01:07:43.630 but also in day ahead market today. 01:07:43.630 --> 01:07:47.250 In day ahead market today, you're indifferent to, 01:07:47.250 --> 01:07:50.440 it co-optimizes, in the realtime market right now, 01:07:50.440 --> 01:07:51.540 it does not co-optimize. 01:07:51.540 --> 01:07:53.540 It's a straight energy market. Right. 01:07:53.540 --> 01:07:56.270 And you just have this fixed requirement 01:07:56.270 --> 01:07:59.690 to provide the AS that you were awarded the day before. 01:07:59.690 --> 01:08:03.320 And so, the reliability deployment price adder 01:08:03.320 --> 01:08:05.270 in today's current market is intended 01:08:05.270 --> 01:08:07.310 to reflect the opportunity costs. 01:08:07.310 --> 01:08:08.143 Is that right? 01:08:08.143 --> 01:08:10.020 The headroom that holding, The ORDC adder. 01:08:10.020 --> 01:08:10.853 Yeah, okay. 01:08:10.853 --> 01:08:14.290 The ORDC adder is intended to reflect that probability 01:08:14.290 --> 01:08:17.290 that we're going to go into emergency conditions. 01:08:17.290 --> 01:08:19.350 For ancillary service. It's the value of reserves. 01:08:19.350 --> 01:08:21.860 And so, as the conditions get tighter, it's, 01:08:21.860 --> 01:08:24.450 the reserves are more valuable and the adder goes up. 01:08:24.450 --> 01:08:25.790 Right, but the, 01:08:25.790 --> 01:08:28.410 for ancillary services. For ancillary, 01:08:28.410 --> 01:08:29.625 Is the other adder, right? 01:08:29.625 --> 01:08:32.593 In real TC, in realtime co-optimization, 01:08:33.500 --> 01:08:35.407 they, AS will have its own prices 01:08:35.407 --> 01:08:37.730 and ORDC goes away completely. 01:08:37.730 --> 01:08:38.619 Right. 01:08:38.619 --> 01:08:41.780 I guess, I was trying to sort of just kind of parse out, 01:08:41.780 --> 01:08:43.530 in today's current market, Okay. 01:08:45.600 --> 01:08:47.180 You know, you get paid the LMP price, 01:08:47.180 --> 01:08:48.500 and then the ORDC adder, 01:08:48.500 --> 01:08:50.520 during times of scarcity, as you described, 01:08:50.520 --> 01:08:53.663 and then the reliability deployment price adder, 01:08:54.740 --> 01:08:58.740 if you're providing ancillary service or RUC 01:08:58.740 --> 01:09:01.023 or someone other out of market action, right? 01:09:01.950 --> 01:09:04.890 So, in realtime co-optimization, 01:09:04.890 --> 01:09:08.167 all that will be baked into one price, all in price. 01:09:08.167 --> 01:09:09.225 Theoretically. 01:09:09.225 --> 01:09:10.058 Theoretically. 01:09:10.058 --> 01:09:13.700 And so, I guess my point that I was trying to make is that, 01:09:13.700 --> 01:09:16.290 kind of feeding off your opportunity cost description was 01:09:16.290 --> 01:09:19.520 that that RDTPA's intended to reflect. 01:09:19.520 --> 01:09:21.780 Oh, the RDPA? Yes. 01:09:21.780 --> 01:09:23.170 The, actually, the RDPA is going 01:09:23.170 --> 01:09:25.930 to remain in realtime co-optimization. 01:09:25.930 --> 01:09:26.763 Okay. 'Cause we're still going 01:09:26.763 --> 01:09:28.270 to have our market actions. 01:09:28.270 --> 01:09:30.247 You're still going to have reliability unit commitments. 01:09:30.247 --> 01:09:33.310 You'll still have emergency response service deployments. 01:09:33.310 --> 01:09:34.710 You'll still have firm load shed. 01:09:34.710 --> 01:09:36.960 Those are still, you know, theoretically, 01:09:36.960 --> 01:09:38.790 so, those are still things that you need 01:09:38.790 --> 01:09:41.570 to correct the price for to, 01:09:41.570 --> 01:09:43.980 so, there will still be the second pricing run. 01:09:43.980 --> 01:09:46.870 The phenomena of bringing more generation 01:09:46.870 --> 01:09:50.390 on for reliability will That suppresses the price. 01:09:50.390 --> 01:09:52.310 Remove the economic incentive 01:09:52.310 --> 01:09:54.390 to bring more generation on. 01:09:54.390 --> 01:09:55.880 We just no longer will need to try 01:09:55.880 --> 01:09:57.880 to price what the value of reserves are, 01:09:57.880 --> 01:09:59.040 because those will be contained 01:09:59.040 --> 01:10:01.510 within the ancillary services prices. 01:10:01.510 --> 01:10:02.343 Okay. 01:10:06.071 --> 01:10:07.930 Out of market actions, we kind of talked about that. 01:10:07.930 --> 01:10:10.120 And so, total price is all three. 01:10:10.120 --> 01:10:11.350 Now, the opportunity cost. 01:10:11.350 --> 01:10:16.350 So, the day ahead market today does co-optimize. 01:10:17.000 --> 01:10:21.880 And so, when there is no realtime co-optimization now. 01:10:25.050 --> 01:10:29.470 And so, some of the ancillary service prices have to be, 01:10:29.470 --> 01:10:31.400 people have to kind of price 01:10:31.400 --> 01:10:33.740 in what they think their opportunity costs are going 01:10:33.740 --> 01:10:35.110 to be in realtime. 01:10:35.110 --> 01:10:37.320 And so, the market construct is a little bit different 01:10:37.320 --> 01:10:38.820 than it will be in the future. 01:10:40.240 --> 01:10:41.160 It's really important, 01:10:41.160 --> 01:10:42.760 so, what's really important about this, 01:10:42.760 --> 01:10:47.130 the ORDC and the RDPA and why you have these adders is that, 01:10:47.130 --> 01:10:52.130 you know, maybe only 15% of load is exposed 01:10:52.440 --> 01:10:57.440 to realtime prices in a interval to interval basis. 01:10:58.230 --> 01:11:03.230 But the realtime prices informs the forward markets 01:11:04.140 --> 01:11:08.000 and it disciplines everything coming into the future. 01:11:08.000 --> 01:11:12.730 And so, even though a small amount of the load, 01:11:12.730 --> 01:11:15.840 actually pays the realtime price, the realtime price 01:11:15.840 --> 01:11:20.360 will govern what people expectations are. 01:11:20.360 --> 01:11:23.280 The day ahead market is based on expectations 01:11:23.280 --> 01:11:25.150 of what the realtime market is 01:11:25.150 --> 01:11:28.720 and the realtime prices being correct 01:11:28.720 --> 01:11:31.360 not only makes those expectations correct. 01:11:31.360 --> 01:11:34.880 It is the short term incentives of ensuring that, 01:11:34.880 --> 01:11:37.530 when prices are high, you have generators on, 01:11:37.530 --> 01:11:41.730 and then also the longterm investment decisions 01:11:41.730 --> 01:11:42.830 to enter the market 01:11:42.830 --> 01:11:46.530 or exit the market are based on those realtime prices. 01:11:46.530 --> 01:11:47.810 So, making sure 01:11:47.810 --> 01:11:51.670 that the realtime price does accurately reflect scarcity 01:11:51.670 --> 01:11:53.307 is important for making sure 01:11:53.307 --> 01:11:57.030 that you get the most efficient investment decisions 01:11:57.030 --> 01:11:58.123 in the long-term. 01:12:02.530 --> 01:12:03.710 Yeah. I think I- So, Carrie, 01:12:03.710 --> 01:12:06.920 back to that, the question of all these adders. 01:12:06.920 --> 01:12:09.503 Yes. So ultimately, that's not, 01:12:11.850 --> 01:12:15.540 that isn't as important to the market as, 01:12:15.540 --> 01:12:19.540 I'm sorry, to resources when considering investment 01:12:19.540 --> 01:12:22.890 as the realtime price formation. 01:12:22.890 --> 01:12:27.560 So, if there's a cost that we look at, an evaluation, 01:12:27.560 --> 01:12:29.760 it is the accurate formation 01:12:29.760 --> 01:12:32.440 of that scarcity in the realtime price, 01:12:32.440 --> 01:12:34.560 not necessarily the adders? 01:12:34.560 --> 01:12:36.150 Does that kind of? The adders are 01:12:36.150 --> 01:12:38.820 what helps create the total price, 01:12:38.820 --> 01:12:41.530 which is in scarcity includes those adders. 01:12:41.530 --> 01:12:42.363 Okay. 01:12:42.363 --> 01:12:43.390 So when you say the realtime price, 01:12:43.390 --> 01:12:44.940 you're including the adders. I'm including all of them. 01:12:44.940 --> 01:12:46.230 The total price, yes. 01:12:46.230 --> 01:12:47.730 Good clarification. Thank you. 01:12:49.440 --> 01:12:53.420 So, in the realtime market is, you know, 01:12:53.420 --> 01:12:57.430 natural gas is typically the marginal fuel type. 01:12:57.430 --> 01:12:59.030 And so, it's typically setting the price. 01:12:59.030 --> 01:13:01.410 So, those realtime prices will change 01:13:01.410 --> 01:13:03.010 with the natural gas prices. 01:13:03.010 --> 01:13:06.230 So, those are closely linked. 01:13:06.230 --> 01:13:08.210 Except when we do experience shortages 01:13:08.210 --> 01:13:10.140 and then they kind of become uncoupled 01:13:10.140 --> 01:13:12.690 because now your prices are not so much 01:13:12.690 --> 01:13:14.150 based on your marginal unit, 01:13:14.150 --> 01:13:15.710 but now they're based on these scarcity questions. 01:13:15.710 --> 01:13:18.950 So, natural gas is the marginal price driver 01:13:18.950 --> 01:13:22.430 for 51% of our generation. 01:13:22.430 --> 01:13:25.200 How do other sources 01:13:25.200 --> 01:13:27.370 that aren't based on natural gas impact 01:13:27.370 --> 01:13:28.917 the realtime end of day head price? 01:13:28.917 --> 01:13:32.000 So, the system Lambda, the energy price, 01:13:32.000 --> 01:13:37.000 the base price without the adders is set by everybody puts 01:13:37.140 --> 01:13:40.060 in their offers for their short run marginal costs. 01:13:40.060 --> 01:13:44.720 And wherever that stack of generators intersects 01:13:44.720 --> 01:13:46.450 with the amount of load, 01:13:46.450 --> 01:13:50.910 that generator sets the price for all the generators 01:13:50.910 --> 01:13:51.907 that are online. 01:13:51.907 --> 01:13:54.323 And that tends to be a gas unit. 01:13:55.295 --> 01:13:56.420 Okay. And it's short run 01:13:56.420 --> 01:14:00.573 marginal costs are, the highest of those is your fuel cost. 01:14:01.710 --> 01:14:06.710 So, where, how do the negative prices from renewables 01:14:06.880 --> 01:14:09.360 that we've heard so much about factor into all this? 01:14:09.360 --> 01:14:10.857 Yeah, I'm mostly talking about peak conditions. 01:14:10.857 --> 01:14:13.770 So, if you're talking about two o'clock in the morning, 01:14:13.770 --> 01:14:15.130 the gas, there's probably, 01:14:15.130 --> 01:14:16.860 if there are any gas units online, 01:14:16.860 --> 01:14:18.490 they're at their low limit. 01:14:18.490 --> 01:14:20.060 And when units are at their low limit, 01:14:20.060 --> 01:14:21.830 they don't set the price. 01:14:21.830 --> 01:14:24.470 Okay, but there, but everybody gets the same price 01:14:24.470 --> 01:14:25.388 every five minutes, right? Everybody gets 01:14:25.388 --> 01:14:26.980 the same price every five minutes. 01:14:26.980 --> 01:14:29.360 So, in that framework, at two in the morning, 01:14:29.360 --> 01:14:32.140 if a gas plant is at it's lowest sustainable load, 01:14:32.140 --> 01:14:33.490 they've just got it, 01:14:33.490 --> 01:14:35.350 they've got it in the lowest gear possible. 01:14:35.350 --> 01:14:36.590 Yes. So it will be ready 01:14:36.590 --> 01:14:39.160 for the next afternoon. 01:14:39.160 --> 01:14:41.410 They don't get the marginal cost 01:14:41.410 --> 01:14:44.320 of the gas that they're consuming. 01:14:44.320 --> 01:14:47.700 They're getting the negative price costs 01:14:47.700 --> 01:14:50.940 of the renewables spinning, right? 01:14:50.940 --> 01:14:52.630 Yeah, so, they have to decide whether or not, 01:14:52.630 --> 01:14:53.717 in that case, if you're getting negative prices, 01:14:53.717 --> 01:14:55.867 that's a signal that you should go offline. 01:14:56.760 --> 01:14:57.593 Okay. 01:14:57.593 --> 01:15:00.680 So, the current construct, at two in the morning is saying, 01:15:00.680 --> 01:15:02.090 if at negative price? 01:15:02.090 --> 01:15:02.923 You're not needed. 01:15:02.923 --> 01:15:04.147 If your marginal cost is $30. 01:15:04.147 --> 01:15:06.670 And then, and the price is negative eight, 01:15:06.670 --> 01:15:07.503 So that, You're not needed. 01:15:07.503 --> 01:15:09.917 That generator, well, 01:15:09.917 --> 01:15:11.654 You're not needed. I may not be needed 01:15:11.654 --> 01:15:13.351 at two in the morning. At 2:00 AM in August. 01:15:13.351 --> 01:15:15.340 But if I've got an 18 hour ramp time 01:15:15.340 --> 01:15:16.210 and you need me at- 01:15:16.210 --> 01:15:19.750 Most gas units have much faster start times than that. 01:15:19.750 --> 01:15:21.290 Okay, but that's saying, 01:15:21.290 --> 01:15:25.670 somebody waiting in the, waiting to be ready. 01:15:25.670 --> 01:15:27.790 Yes. And I guess most gas, 01:15:27.790 --> 01:15:32.220 most gas generators aren't the ones we need in scarcity. 01:15:32.220 --> 01:15:33.400 Right? 01:15:33.400 --> 01:15:37.420 It's the ones that aren't the fastest ramp time, right? 01:15:37.420 --> 01:15:39.000 When you need everybody. 01:15:39.000 --> 01:15:40.350 So, but just to be clear, 01:15:40.350 --> 01:15:42.450 the way the market clears right now, 01:15:42.450 --> 01:15:45.110 if you keep your gas unit on, 01:15:45.110 --> 01:15:49.600 at two in the morning at like the lowest gear possible 01:15:49.600 --> 01:15:51.949 to be ready for the next day, Yes. 01:15:51.949 --> 01:15:54.040 You have to pay a negative, 01:15:54.040 --> 01:15:58.620 a negative price means you're paying $20 a megawatt just 01:15:58.620 --> 01:16:00.150 for the privilege of being on. 01:16:00.150 --> 01:16:02.460 If it's cheaper for you to stay online 01:16:02.460 --> 01:16:05.100 and pay those negative prices and not have to shut down 01:16:05.100 --> 01:16:06.718 and then start up again, 01:16:06.718 --> 01:16:09.720 you know, you'll have to look over the entire, 01:16:09.720 --> 01:16:12.660 if you're online for five days, you know, 01:16:12.660 --> 01:16:14.490 maybe one night you're in the negatives, 01:16:14.490 --> 01:16:17.700 but maybe your profit and loss is going to be across 01:16:17.700 --> 01:16:19.030 that commitment timeframe. 01:16:19.030 --> 01:16:23.430 Okay, and then when we do get into times of scarcity, 01:16:23.430 --> 01:16:26.970 like in the afternoon, you're offering, 01:16:26.970 --> 01:16:28.810 and the clearing is designed 01:16:28.810 --> 01:16:30.600 so that you're offering, Yeah. 01:16:30.600 --> 01:16:32.703 The lowest possible price, 01:16:33.720 --> 01:16:35.233 To cover your costs. 01:16:35.233 --> 01:16:38.630 Because you, because everybody gets the same price 01:16:38.630 --> 01:16:40.180 at the same time, That's right. 01:16:40.180 --> 01:16:42.100 You don't care about trying 01:16:42.100 --> 01:16:44.070 to get a few dollars more per megawatt. 01:16:44.070 --> 01:16:48.480 You just want to make sure your generator's called, right? 01:16:48.480 --> 01:16:51.280 And so, you're going to offer the lowest possible price. 01:16:52.150 --> 01:16:53.910 If you, if you try to offer more 01:16:53.910 --> 01:16:55.190 than your short run marginal cost 01:16:55.190 --> 01:16:56.700 in a competitive market, then yeah, 01:16:56.700 --> 01:16:57.720 you just won't get called. 01:16:57.720 --> 01:16:58.553 And so, everybody's 01:16:58.553 --> 01:16:59.699 incentives are to- Well, it depends 01:16:59.699 --> 01:17:01.260 on the demand, right? 01:17:01.260 --> 01:17:04.460 Well, the demand is fixed. Demand is vertical (laughs). 01:17:04.460 --> 01:17:07.280 Well, not between 2:00 AM and 4:00 PM. Right? 01:17:07.280 --> 01:17:08.480 Right, right, but. 01:17:08.480 --> 01:17:10.710 So if can guess, I mean, 01:17:10.710 --> 01:17:13.200 I'm sure all these companies have predictions 01:17:13.200 --> 01:17:16.713 about what load and load is going to look like. 01:17:17.655 --> 01:17:18.920 But then the question I'm getting at is, 01:17:18.920 --> 01:17:20.037 if you've got to pay a penalty to be on 01:17:20.037 --> 01:17:22.270 and be ready to go at night, 01:17:22.270 --> 01:17:24.880 and you're designed to not, 01:17:24.880 --> 01:17:27.216 it's designed to not game the system, right? 01:17:27.216 --> 01:17:29.710 You want to, because everybody gets the same price, 01:17:29.710 --> 01:17:32.600 you want to get everybody offering 01:17:32.600 --> 01:17:34.330 the lowest possible price, right? 01:17:34.330 --> 01:17:37.100 Because their only incentive is to make sure they're called. 01:17:37.100 --> 01:17:41.200 And if they try to add another five bucks to their offer, 01:17:41.200 --> 01:17:42.390 then they run the risk They might lose out. 01:17:42.390 --> 01:17:44.200 Of not getting called and they get no money, 01:17:44.200 --> 01:17:45.240 which is a feature. 01:17:45.240 --> 01:17:47.630 That's why all power marketers use that, right? 01:17:47.630 --> 01:17:48.463 Yes. 01:17:48.463 --> 01:17:53.150 Where in, but where in this framework are generators, 01:17:53.150 --> 01:17:55.150 where does the profit and the economic incentive 01:17:55.150 --> 01:17:59.600 for these companies to invest in new generators? 01:17:59.600 --> 01:18:02.170 Where is, I mean, these are private businesses, right? 01:18:02.170 --> 01:18:03.003 Yeah. 01:18:03.003 --> 01:18:07.560 So, you might've heard of the Peaker Net Margin 01:18:07.560 --> 01:18:09.770 as an estimation. 01:18:09.770 --> 01:18:13.070 So that's, I bring that up 01:18:13.070 --> 01:18:16.360 because it's a representation 01:18:16.360 --> 01:18:20.760 of how a plant might look at it. 01:18:20.760 --> 01:18:23.710 So, you're not going to make a decision based on one day 01:18:23.710 --> 01:18:26.160 or one month or even one year probably, right? 01:18:26.160 --> 01:18:27.093 You have to, 01:18:31.320 --> 01:18:33.180 as you run throughout the year, 01:18:33.180 --> 01:18:38.090 every time the clearing price is above your marginal costs, 01:18:38.090 --> 01:18:41.290 that's profit to you that you use to cover your fixed costs. 01:18:41.290 --> 01:18:44.170 And you're talking about fixed costs of like being online 01:18:44.170 --> 01:18:46.530 when it, you know, you're at your minimum level 01:18:46.530 --> 01:18:51.190 or other sort of capital costs. 01:18:51.190 --> 01:18:55.580 And over the longer timeframe is 01:18:55.580 --> 01:18:57.220 when you recover those costs. 01:18:57.220 --> 01:18:59.660 But in any given interval, 01:18:59.660 --> 01:19:01.427 you only offer your short run marginal cost. 01:19:01.427 --> 01:19:02.950 And so, if your marginal, 01:19:02.950 --> 01:19:05.240 all you're covering is your operations and maintenance, 01:19:05.240 --> 01:19:06.730 your fuel and whatnot. 01:19:06.730 --> 01:19:10.560 But every time somebody is, gets selected above you, 01:19:10.560 --> 01:19:12.017 and you're going to get that clearing price. 01:19:12.017 --> 01:19:13.740 Okay. And those are the intervals 01:19:13.740 --> 01:19:15.990 in which you're recovering all those other types of costs. 01:19:15.990 --> 01:19:17.430 So, I'm trying to work through when we, 01:19:17.430 --> 01:19:20.450 the question we get is why is there not more generation? 01:19:20.450 --> 01:19:21.283 Right? 01:19:21.283 --> 01:19:23.760 That's the kind of eternal question we've heard all session. 01:19:25.870 --> 01:19:30.410 And what I'm trying to get to is, how can we as a state, 01:19:30.410 --> 01:19:32.350 when we've got to find the balance between reliability 01:19:32.350 --> 01:19:36.167 and affordability, what, where do we, 01:19:38.670 --> 01:19:40.390 and we have the very good point you made 01:19:40.390 --> 01:19:44.053 about the dispatchable gas intent of in PURA. 01:19:45.150 --> 01:19:50.150 So, for a dispatchable high, like low heat rate, 01:19:50.890 --> 01:19:54.030 super high, efficient combined cycle gas plant 01:19:55.090 --> 01:19:58.023 that can offer a very low price, right? 01:19:59.060 --> 01:20:00.410 Like that's the hope, right? 01:20:00.410 --> 01:20:04.200 Like we want really efficient dispatchable generation 01:20:04.200 --> 01:20:06.173 for the times when we really need it. 01:20:07.278 --> 01:20:09.840 The only time they can make a profit, 01:20:09.840 --> 01:20:14.470 if there's a less efficient peaker out there 01:20:14.470 --> 01:20:15.310 that gets filled. 01:20:15.310 --> 01:20:17.840 And that's what moves the price up to give them a profit. 01:20:17.840 --> 01:20:19.040 Is that right? 01:20:19.040 --> 01:20:21.750 Well, I mean, peaking units have low capacity factor. 01:20:21.750 --> 01:20:23.349 So, if you're talking about a peaking unit, 01:20:23.349 --> 01:20:25.190 that's a little different from like a combined cycle. 01:20:25.190 --> 01:20:30.190 But if you're talking about a, you know, simple cycle GT 01:20:32.020 --> 01:20:33.930 that's just, you know, 01:20:33.930 --> 01:20:35.970 those tend to be have high heat rates. 01:20:35.970 --> 01:20:37.370 So, they're expensive. 01:20:37.370 --> 01:20:38.203 Okay. Right? 01:20:38.203 --> 01:20:39.300 Right, but I guess just hypothetically, 01:20:39.300 --> 01:20:40.460 if the entire fleet Okay. 01:20:40.460 --> 01:20:44.150 Was super efficient combined cycle gas, 01:20:44.150 --> 01:20:45.480 just hypothetically. Okay. 01:20:45.480 --> 01:20:48.740 And everybody's marginal costs was $10. 01:20:48.740 --> 01:20:50.450 I'm making the numbers up. Yeah. 01:20:50.450 --> 01:20:53.410 And the feature of the market design is 01:20:53.410 --> 01:20:55.590 that nobody ever wants 01:20:55.590 --> 01:20:57.540 to offer more than exactly what it costs 01:20:57.540 --> 01:20:58.900 to make one more megawatt, Yeah. 01:20:58.900 --> 01:21:02.080 Which is gas and labor and, you know, 01:21:02.080 --> 01:21:04.097 whatever it costs that day, right? 01:21:05.609 --> 01:21:06.442 So, everybody would always get $10. 01:21:08.688 --> 01:21:12.630 Plus, yes, plus the ORDC and the RDPA if there, 01:21:12.630 --> 01:21:15.750 if we are in scarcity or if there is a reliability action. 01:21:15.750 --> 01:21:16.583 Okay. So, there's 01:21:16.583 --> 01:21:18.380 So the, Money on top of that 01:21:18.380 --> 01:21:19.230 if we're in scarcity. 01:21:19.230 --> 01:21:22.030 So, the idea is that, if we're never in scarcity, 01:21:22.030 --> 01:21:24.390 that's a signal that we don't need more generation. 01:21:24.390 --> 01:21:26.030 If we're frequently in scarcity, 01:21:26.030 --> 01:21:27.420 there's going to be a lot of revenue. 01:21:27.420 --> 01:21:29.680 And that's a signal that we need more generation. 01:21:29.680 --> 01:21:31.790 So, the scarcity pricing provides 01:21:31.790 --> 01:21:34.290 those longterm investment signals. 01:21:34.290 --> 01:21:37.110 Okay, so, the more we, 01:21:37.110 --> 01:21:39.990 so, what I'm trying to get to is like, what is the, 01:21:39.990 --> 01:21:44.990 how do we incentivize somebody to invest a dollar, not only, 01:21:45.967 --> 01:21:49.973 and if it's a dollar designated for additional generation, 01:21:51.420 --> 01:21:52.253 how do they, 01:21:52.253 --> 01:21:54.290 why do they choose to invest in new generation 01:21:54.290 --> 01:21:56.060 instead of investing in real estate 01:21:56.060 --> 01:21:57.600 or any other asset class? 01:21:57.600 --> 01:21:59.900 And if they are going to invest in generation, why do, 01:21:59.900 --> 01:22:00.760 how are we going to get them 01:22:00.760 --> 01:22:03.931 to choose Texas versus somebody else? 01:22:03.931 --> 01:22:08.931 And the crux of it seems to be, 01:22:09.150 --> 01:22:12.053 if the only way they can make money is scarcity, 01:22:13.190 --> 01:22:15.713 what, like how do we balance that intersection? 01:22:16.820 --> 01:22:19.720 Of reliability between profit? 01:22:19.720 --> 01:22:21.910 Yeah. I mean, that's ultimately, 01:22:21.910 --> 01:22:23.310 It seems real tricky right now. 01:22:23.310 --> 01:22:25.070 It's tenuous, right, Carrie? 01:22:25.070 --> 01:22:26.870 I mean, that's the crux of it. 01:22:26.870 --> 01:22:28.730 And that, and you've argued this 01:22:28.730 --> 01:22:33.120 with the high value of loss load, i.e the $9,000. 01:22:33.120 --> 01:22:35.170 And I would put, point out, 01:22:35.170 --> 01:22:37.650 you've got great charts showing, 01:22:37.650 --> 01:22:39.070 and I think Peaker Net Margin plays 01:22:39.070 --> 01:22:41.520 into your calculation on this, 01:22:41.520 --> 01:22:44.350 but the cost of new entry, the cone. 01:22:44.350 --> 01:22:47.573 And we've only hit that once in 10 years. 01:22:47.573 --> 01:22:49.097 2019, mm-hmm. 01:22:49.097 --> 01:22:51.260 (laughs) And that was at $9,000 01:22:51.260 --> 01:22:52.198 for six hours? That's cost of new entry 01:22:52.198 --> 01:22:56.120 for a brand new, Combined cycle 01:22:56.120 --> 01:22:57.573 which is what he's, Yep. 01:22:57.573 --> 01:22:58.870 What the chair's talking about. 01:22:58.870 --> 01:23:01.070 So, how do we normalize this? 01:23:01.070 --> 01:23:02.350 How do we reach? 01:23:02.350 --> 01:23:04.860 Yeah, so in an energy only market, 01:23:04.860 --> 01:23:09.600 it's these realtime prices, particularly in scarcity, 01:23:09.600 --> 01:23:12.090 they need to be properly formed 01:23:12.090 --> 01:23:13.530 so that those incentives exist. 01:23:13.530 --> 01:23:15.550 You also have the ancillary services market. 01:23:15.550 --> 01:23:17.040 So, we can't ignore that, 01:23:17.040 --> 01:23:19.371 is that you also have the, 01:23:19.371 --> 01:23:21.320 and they're capacity products, right? 01:23:21.320 --> 01:23:23.910 And as long as you are asking for the features 01:23:23.910 --> 01:23:27.530 that you need, and you're providing this revenue stream, 01:23:27.530 --> 01:23:29.000 then you'll receive those features. 01:23:29.000 --> 01:23:32.590 I mean, I think what we're seeing is, 01:23:32.590 --> 01:23:36.960 based on the realtime prices and the times of scarcity 01:23:36.960 --> 01:23:41.960 and the features of our market is tending 01:23:42.180 --> 01:23:46.560 to incentivize things like storage resources, 01:23:46.560 --> 01:23:50.300 because the fast frequency response, for instance, is that, 01:23:50.300 --> 01:23:52.090 you know, it's signaling, 01:23:52.090 --> 01:23:55.530 we need resources that can respond very quickly 01:23:55.530 --> 01:23:57.220 to renewable ramps, right? 01:23:57.220 --> 01:23:59.280 Or whatever other reason. 01:23:59.280 --> 01:24:03.170 And so, the market creates products 01:24:03.170 --> 01:24:07.860 that ask for exactly what it needs and no more, 01:24:07.860 --> 01:24:12.250 and that provides the investment signal to the market. 01:24:12.250 --> 01:24:13.580 So, if there's no, 01:24:13.580 --> 01:24:15.167 if the cost of new entry is not- 01:24:15.167 --> 01:24:16.900 What if it doesn't? Mm-hmm. 01:24:16.900 --> 01:24:18.470 Saying new combined cycles, 01:24:18.470 --> 01:24:20.820 the answer may be, we don't need new combined cycles. 01:24:20.820 --> 01:24:23.950 And I know that's not maybe the most popular thing to say, 01:24:23.950 --> 01:24:26.807 but if you have a 15% reserve margin 01:24:26.807 --> 01:24:31.807 and the way that the prices have been coming out are such 01:24:32.840 --> 01:24:37.840 that the fixed cost of those are only getting recovered 01:24:39.990 --> 01:24:41.300 in certain years, 01:24:41.300 --> 01:24:44.040 that might be a signal that we don't need them. 01:24:44.040 --> 01:24:47.270 And if that's not the case, for policy reasons, 01:24:47.270 --> 01:24:49.950 then you have to make some change to the realtime market 01:24:49.950 --> 01:24:53.170 because that's what our realtime market is signaling. 01:24:53.170 --> 01:24:55.140 So I think, you know, the chairman may, you know, 01:24:55.140 --> 01:24:57.120 is asking you obviously very important questions, 01:24:57.120 --> 01:24:58.117 very, very important broad questions. 01:24:58.117 --> 01:25:02.563 I think when we look at this with your larger questions, 01:25:02.563 --> 01:25:03.907 I think we have to recognize that, 01:25:03.907 --> 01:25:05.940 I think what Carrie saying is 01:25:05.940 --> 01:25:07.559 that we are an energy only market, 01:25:07.559 --> 01:25:10.050 and that's based on scarcity price signals 01:25:10.050 --> 01:25:11.920 to incent generation. 01:25:11.920 --> 01:25:15.320 And there are only certain knobs that we have 01:25:15.320 --> 01:25:17.393 in our current energy only market 01:25:17.393 --> 01:25:21.580 that we can turn to drive those scarcity pricing signals 01:25:21.580 --> 01:25:26.410 at this time, like the ORDC and these adders. 01:25:26.410 --> 01:25:30.380 And obviously, we have the ancillary service market 01:25:30.380 --> 01:25:33.520 where we're looking at not only the existing products, 01:25:33.520 --> 01:25:36.880 but new products that will be put into service 01:25:36.880 --> 01:25:39.039 to drive certain investment, like energy storage 01:25:39.039 --> 01:25:44.039 and the Quick Start generation unit. 01:25:44.090 --> 01:25:45.280 So, I think, 01:25:45.280 --> 01:25:47.410 we'll have to work with what we have now 01:25:47.410 --> 01:25:50.310 and evaluate other mechanisms potentially 01:25:50.310 --> 01:25:53.304 to address some of these broader questions. 01:25:53.304 --> 01:25:55.273 SB 3 has some pretty big knobs in it. 01:25:56.210 --> 01:25:57.043 Yes. 01:25:58.950 --> 01:25:59.783 Levers. 01:26:00.630 --> 01:26:03.043 Another thing to consider, 01:26:04.710 --> 01:26:07.530 economic dispatch on transmission. 01:26:07.530 --> 01:26:10.360 That is at low bid as well. 01:26:10.360 --> 01:26:14.810 So, even when we're considering battery discharge 01:26:16.790 --> 01:26:21.790 on transmission or a solar, at some points, 01:26:21.840 --> 01:26:24.270 and depending on congestion constraints, 01:26:24.270 --> 01:26:25.700 again, it's the low bid. 01:26:25.700 --> 01:26:30.700 So, whoever is producing at that lowest possible price. 01:26:31.690 --> 01:26:35.480 Is there a concern there for the purpose 01:26:35.480 --> 01:26:40.480 of drawing in resources that ERCOT may otherwise need? 01:26:43.560 --> 01:26:48.040 Because again, a PTC wind megawatt 01:26:48.040 --> 01:26:50.610 versus a solar, you know, 01:26:50.610 --> 01:26:52.410 whatever they've recouped in ITC, 01:26:52.410 --> 01:26:57.160 but a solar, even zero marginal cost megawatt, 01:26:57.160 --> 01:26:59.530 and then a battery megawatt, 01:26:59.530 --> 01:27:03.220 that wind is going to crowd all that out for a time. 01:27:03.220 --> 01:27:05.510 But again, for frequency regulation, 01:27:05.510 --> 01:27:09.520 depending on what may pop up as we move into the future, 01:27:09.520 --> 01:27:12.170 in terms of the engineering requirements of the grid, 01:27:13.300 --> 01:27:15.640 do we need to look at that? 01:27:15.640 --> 01:27:19.573 So, let's talk about transmission congestion. 01:27:20.860 --> 01:27:21.790 You know, it occurs 01:27:21.790 --> 01:27:23.740 when you can't use the cheapest generation 01:27:23.740 --> 01:27:24.607 to serve your load. 01:27:24.607 --> 01:27:25.440 Right. 01:27:25.440 --> 01:27:26.480 Because there's some problem, you know, 01:27:26.480 --> 01:27:31.010 there's some transmission line that's full, let's say. 01:27:31.010 --> 01:27:35.033 And so, or group of them, in the case of GTCs. 01:27:36.910 --> 01:27:41.200 Those prices will go down and that's a signal 01:27:41.200 --> 01:27:45.553 to either stop building there or for some, 01:27:46.930 --> 01:27:48.270 it can be a signal, 01:27:48.270 --> 01:27:50.420 because a lot of the times when we have low prices, 01:27:50.420 --> 01:27:52.280 in some hours, we have high prices in others 01:27:52.280 --> 01:27:53.440 in the very same regions, 01:27:53.440 --> 01:27:56.793 because it does tend to be correlated with the renewables. 01:27:57.830 --> 01:28:02.010 And those price signals are very important 01:28:02.010 --> 01:28:05.158 to drive the decisions that need to be made 01:28:05.158 --> 01:28:06.860 as to the location. 01:28:06.860 --> 01:28:08.760 So now, we're not talking about capacity anymore. 01:28:08.760 --> 01:28:11.420 We're talking about where should the capacity be located? 01:28:11.420 --> 01:28:13.640 So, to the extent somebody is looking to build, 01:28:13.640 --> 01:28:15.050 put new steel in the ground, 01:28:15.050 --> 01:28:17.330 those locational prices are going to, 01:28:17.330 --> 01:28:19.870 on the other side of the constraint, the price is high. 01:28:19.870 --> 01:28:21.770 And it's going to tell you, 01:28:21.770 --> 01:28:24.313 locate here to resolve this congestion. 01:28:26.190 --> 01:28:27.050 So that's, those are, 01:28:27.050 --> 01:28:30.950 those pricing signals are there specifically 01:28:30.950 --> 01:28:33.950 to resolve the congestion. 01:28:33.950 --> 01:28:35.630 So, in realtime dispatch, 01:28:35.630 --> 01:28:38.670 the realtime market needs to, minute by minute, 01:28:38.670 --> 01:28:39.900 resolve that congestion 01:28:39.900 --> 01:28:42.200 and ensure that the line doesn't burn down. 01:28:42.200 --> 01:28:43.640 But from a long-term perspective, 01:28:43.640 --> 01:28:46.980 that's also telling you where in the state to put those, 01:28:46.980 --> 01:28:48.570 you know, and it tends to be like, 01:28:48.570 --> 01:28:51.237 you know, near load centers or, 01:28:51.237 --> 01:28:53.430 you know, in weaker parts of the system 01:28:53.430 --> 01:28:55.843 when it comes to transmission build out. 01:28:58.816 --> 01:28:59.649 Okay. 01:29:00.880 --> 01:29:04.500 Yeah, and where I go with that is, as variability increases, 01:29:04.500 --> 01:29:06.600 again, as the resources that are coming 01:29:06.600 --> 01:29:08.550 into the market increases, 01:29:08.550 --> 01:29:12.140 and ERCOT has considerations 01:29:12.140 --> 01:29:14.320 that are just not price dependent, 01:29:14.320 --> 01:29:17.590 but they're based on engineering analysis 01:29:17.590 --> 01:29:20.960 on what these resources may or may not be doing 01:29:20.960 --> 01:29:23.940 to the transmission system within those given areas, 01:29:23.940 --> 01:29:27.300 or within those key links, those substations, 01:29:27.300 --> 01:29:31.343 those choke points, as you point out, 01:29:33.050 --> 01:29:37.420 do we need to re-look at how that is priced 01:29:37.420 --> 01:29:40.330 in order to send the right reliability signals? 01:29:40.330 --> 01:29:41.730 It's not just an economic signal, 01:29:41.730 --> 01:29:42.563 it's a reliability signal 01:29:42.563 --> 01:29:44.090 at that point, and again, Well, I think- 01:29:44.090 --> 01:29:45.410 We're dealing with a commodity 01:29:45.410 --> 01:29:46.440 that moves at the speed of light. 01:29:46.440 --> 01:29:49.850 So do we, can we pair those two? 01:29:49.850 --> 01:29:52.570 I would say that's a function of the planning function. 01:29:52.570 --> 01:29:55.360 Yeah. Because I wouldn't want, I, 01:29:55.360 --> 01:29:56.970 those pricing rules are important. 01:29:56.970 --> 01:29:58.510 I wouldn't want to dampen them. 01:29:58.510 --> 01:29:59.860 Right. Because they do 01:30:01.170 --> 01:30:04.080 make more efficient market overall. 01:30:04.080 --> 01:30:05.960 And if we were to dampen those price signals, 01:30:05.960 --> 01:30:09.030 then you would get build out where it doesn't belong. 01:30:09.030 --> 01:30:11.200 You would make the problems worse, right? 01:30:11.200 --> 01:30:14.480 Those price signals are supporting the reliability need. 01:30:14.480 --> 01:30:16.530 Now, if you need to do something else, 01:30:16.530 --> 01:30:18.210 then that's where the planning comes in, 01:30:18.210 --> 01:30:20.820 whether there's economic criteria 01:30:20.820 --> 01:30:22.390 for building known transmission line, 01:30:22.390 --> 01:30:23.680 there's a reliability criteria 01:30:23.680 --> 01:30:24.513 for building new transmission line. 01:30:24.513 --> 01:30:25.440 Right. But if the, 01:30:25.440 --> 01:30:30.440 if the congestion costs are so high, 01:30:30.670 --> 01:30:35.670 that it might meet some economic planning criteria 01:30:35.920 --> 01:30:38.190 on the planning side to resolve that congestion 01:30:38.190 --> 01:30:41.450 and unlock some of that lower cost generation. 01:30:41.450 --> 01:30:43.400 Okay. Oh and I believe we're going 01:30:43.400 --> 01:30:45.390 to be looking at Right. 01:30:45.390 --> 01:30:47.140 The new transmission criteria. 01:30:47.140 --> 01:30:47.977 And I think it's really just the, 01:30:47.977 --> 01:30:50.863 you know, the overall balance is policy, 01:30:52.980 --> 01:30:57.037 balance between building more transmission versus trying to, 01:30:57.037 --> 01:31:00.210 you know, signal for generation build out. 01:31:00.210 --> 01:31:02.480 Sure. And how they hold. 01:31:02.480 --> 01:31:03.450 Crux, right? Yeah. 01:31:03.450 --> 01:31:05.400 My point was, is that, 01:31:05.400 --> 01:31:07.950 and I think we've all three heard from ERCOT is 01:31:07.950 --> 01:31:10.433 that we're going to have a lot of new technology, 01:31:11.530 --> 01:31:14.480 new data from this technology over the next year, 01:31:14.480 --> 01:31:16.330 that we'll be able to evaluate how the batteries, 01:31:16.330 --> 01:31:20.000 how that 1,000 megawatts of batteries are interacting. 01:31:20.000 --> 01:31:24.660 And again, just with the increased concentration 01:31:24.660 --> 01:31:28.900 of intermittence in certain areas, how that interacts? 01:31:28.900 --> 01:31:32.010 And I knew that there were complaints from certain resources 01:31:32.010 --> 01:31:34.650 that they weren't even able to get on the grid, you know, 01:31:34.650 --> 01:31:36.130 on the lines at certain locations, 01:31:36.130 --> 01:31:38.200 because they were never going to be the low bid 01:31:38.200 --> 01:31:40.550 because of the nature of the other resources in the area. 01:31:40.550 --> 01:31:42.890 So, it sort of hemmed that in, 01:31:42.890 --> 01:31:45.693 in terms of what type of resources located where. 01:31:47.454 --> 01:31:48.980 Yeah, we certainly heard about, I think, 01:31:48.980 --> 01:31:52.610 some trapped generation in the valley potentially. 01:31:52.610 --> 01:31:53.850 Yep. 01:31:53.850 --> 01:31:56.370 So, that was part of the GTC discussion. 01:31:56.370 --> 01:31:58.350 So, there are a variety of different angles 01:31:58.350 --> 01:31:59.847 to look at this issue (laughs). 01:32:00.830 --> 01:32:02.180 All right. Keep going, Carrie. 01:32:02.180 --> 01:32:03.730 I know JC's been waiting patiently. 01:32:03.730 --> 01:32:04.926 So, we're trying. No, I know it. 01:32:04.926 --> 01:32:06.003 That's all right. That's why I'm thinking 01:32:06.003 --> 01:32:07.613 I'm taking too much time. 01:32:07.613 --> 01:32:10.670 It's perfect layout though, 'cause. 01:32:10.670 --> 01:32:12.210 I'll just mention one more thing. 01:32:12.210 --> 01:32:14.040 I think, going back to the ancillary services, 01:32:14.040 --> 01:32:16.000 because I know that's a big topic 01:32:16.000 --> 01:32:18.220 that I think it's a little bit detailed, 01:32:18.220 --> 01:32:20.310 but to get into just thinking 01:32:20.310 --> 01:32:23.540 about these ancillary services, when they're deployed, 01:32:23.540 --> 01:32:25.890 also have impacts on the market. 01:32:25.890 --> 01:32:27.750 And so, it's something to keep in mind 01:32:27.750 --> 01:32:30.810 as we're pulling certain levers on the ancillary services 01:32:30.810 --> 01:32:33.033 that they also affect the energy prices. 01:32:34.050 --> 01:32:36.710 So, like regulation, not necessarily 01:32:36.710 --> 01:32:39.550 because regulation kind of happens between the market. 01:32:39.550 --> 01:32:43.780 So the, it doesn't have as much of an impact, 01:32:43.780 --> 01:32:47.213 but if you're looking at the responsive reserve service, 01:32:48.560 --> 01:32:52.130 you know, the more of that gets reserved and the mark, 01:32:52.130 --> 01:32:55.700 the realtime market cannot access it, that capacity, 01:32:55.700 --> 01:32:57.930 unless we're in an emergency condition 01:32:57.930 --> 01:33:00.890 and it gets deployed and then it's released to the market 01:33:00.890 --> 01:33:03.640 and then the market dispatches it economically. 01:33:03.640 --> 01:33:08.640 So, the more you reserve behind that wall, 01:33:09.070 --> 01:33:11.870 the less there is for the realtime market to dispatch. 01:33:11.870 --> 01:33:13.580 And that can raise prices. 01:33:13.580 --> 01:33:15.230 So, depending on where you put that wall, 01:33:15.230 --> 01:33:16.300 that makes an impact. 01:33:16.300 --> 01:33:18.420 So, you know, it's what, 01:33:18.420 --> 01:33:21.980 just another component that I wanted to mention. 01:33:21.980 --> 01:33:24.193 And lastly, with the non-spin, 01:33:25.830 --> 01:33:27.410 it's a little bit of an oxymoron 01:33:27.410 --> 01:33:30.530 because you can have online non-spin and offline non-spin. 01:33:30.530 --> 01:33:33.930 But if you have online non-spin, that capacity is, 01:33:33.930 --> 01:33:36.920 has to be priced at $75 or higher. 01:33:36.920 --> 01:33:38.870 So, it has an offer floor on it, 01:33:38.870 --> 01:33:41.450 so that the market's not accessing those megawatts 01:33:41.450 --> 01:33:44.283 until the price gets to $75 or above. 01:33:45.781 --> 01:33:48.510 The same's not necessarily true for offline non-spin. 01:33:48.510 --> 01:33:50.140 So, those are just two things to keep in mind, 01:33:50.140 --> 01:33:53.330 as we're talking about ancillary services today. 01:33:53.330 --> 01:33:55.490 I think I'll stop there and let JC talk. 01:33:55.490 --> 01:33:56.380 Thank you very much. 01:33:56.380 --> 01:33:58.460 And I know this is, as I said before, 01:33:58.460 --> 01:34:02.400 this is first of several of these kinds of conversations. 01:34:02.400 --> 01:34:04.430 I appreciate Sure. 01:34:04.430 --> 01:34:06.233 The information and your candor. 01:34:08.180 --> 01:34:11.360 Next up, state your name and who you're with please. 01:34:11.360 --> 01:34:12.193 Thank you, chairman. 01:34:12.193 --> 01:34:15.610 JC Kneale with Intercontinental Exchange, ICE. 01:34:15.610 --> 01:34:17.260 I appreciate the invitation to be here today 01:34:17.260 --> 01:34:19.640 and let me compliment you guys on the prescience 01:34:19.640 --> 01:34:21.700 of having the order that you have set, 01:34:21.700 --> 01:34:24.660 'cause you've got Dave telling us how it all works, 01:34:24.660 --> 01:34:25.990 and then you've got Carrie telling us 01:34:25.990 --> 01:34:27.340 how the prices are formed. 01:34:27.340 --> 01:34:31.200 And so, what I'm going to try to inform everybody is, 01:34:31.200 --> 01:34:33.110 what do we do with those prices? 01:34:33.110 --> 01:34:35.280 It's great that we understand how we make the prices 01:34:35.280 --> 01:34:38.630 on the day and even the near term, 01:34:38.630 --> 01:34:39.840 but what is that used for? 01:34:39.840 --> 01:34:41.650 And why is it important? 01:34:41.650 --> 01:34:42.770 And Carrie hinted at it. 01:34:42.770 --> 01:34:44.120 It's investment in the future. 01:34:44.120 --> 01:34:46.910 And chairman, you've been asking this question over 01:34:46.910 --> 01:34:49.400 and over, is how do we get more people into the market? 01:34:49.400 --> 01:34:54.370 And so, what we at ICE do is we run the forward market. 01:34:54.370 --> 01:34:58.530 So, ERCOT is managing the price signals in the realtime 01:34:58.530 --> 01:35:01.530 to make sure we can turn our lights on every morning. 01:35:01.530 --> 01:35:05.300 And the model is prescribing a price for that service. 01:35:05.300 --> 01:35:08.430 And that's ultimately what we all get paid on 01:35:08.430 --> 01:35:11.930 in the realtime and the day ahead for those products. 01:35:11.930 --> 01:35:15.770 But what ICE is here to do is 01:35:15.770 --> 01:35:17.720 make transparent the forward curve. 01:35:17.720 --> 01:35:20.470 So, what do people anticipate the price for those services 01:35:20.470 --> 01:35:22.190 to be in the future? 01:35:22.190 --> 01:35:24.157 And in particular for ERCOT, 01:35:24.157 --> 01:35:27.300 in the power and the gas markets, right now, 01:35:27.300 --> 01:35:30.290 we go an average of about a decade into the future. 01:35:30.290 --> 01:35:34.450 There are certainly companies out there that do investment 01:35:34.450 --> 01:35:37.160 on a longer time horizon, that have their own models, 01:35:37.160 --> 01:35:40.070 that guess at what these prices may be two decades, 01:35:40.070 --> 01:35:42.740 three decades, perhaps longer into the future, 01:35:42.740 --> 01:35:45.710 but it's not realistic for an exchange such as ourselves 01:35:45.710 --> 01:35:47.440 to have products that service those markets 01:35:47.440 --> 01:35:51.440 that effectively are never actually utilized. 01:35:51.440 --> 01:35:53.630 They're just sort of background research. 01:35:53.630 --> 01:35:55.540 So, if you could move into the next side, please, 01:35:55.540 --> 01:35:56.373 that'd be great. 01:35:56.373 --> 01:35:59.070 Just a quick, and I'll apologize. 01:35:59.070 --> 01:36:01.620 This is formatted for wide screen and we've got a square, 01:36:01.620 --> 01:36:05.070 so, we'll do the best we can. 01:36:05.070 --> 01:36:08.100 But in short, the, first couple of slides are really just 01:36:08.100 --> 01:36:09.530 about who we are 01:36:09.530 --> 01:36:13.270 and ICE operates exchanges all over the world 01:36:13.270 --> 01:36:15.573 for all different kinds of assets classes, 01:36:16.610 --> 01:36:20.260 whether it's gas, carbon, metals, 01:36:20.260 --> 01:36:22.460 exchange rates, interest rates, energy. 01:36:22.460 --> 01:36:25.040 And obviously, that's what we're here for is the energy. 01:36:25.040 --> 01:36:27.430 We're also a little unique in the exchange space 01:36:27.430 --> 01:36:29.540 in that we actually offer our own front ends 01:36:29.540 --> 01:36:34.540 for transactions versus just allowing the other folks 01:36:34.540 --> 01:36:35.760 to provide that service. 01:36:35.760 --> 01:36:37.070 Next slide, please. 01:36:37.070 --> 01:36:38.450 A few years ago, 01:36:38.450 --> 01:36:40.150 we bought a company that some of you guys may have heard of 01:36:40.150 --> 01:36:41.710 called the New York Stock Exchange. 01:36:41.710 --> 01:36:45.900 And so, we also service the equities business globally 01:36:45.900 --> 01:36:49.850 and with the equities business and the energy business, 01:36:49.850 --> 01:36:51.960 I think it gives us a really unique insight 01:36:51.960 --> 01:36:55.360 into how investment decisions are made 01:36:55.360 --> 01:36:56.810 in the energy space in particular. 01:36:56.810 --> 01:36:59.130 And obviously Texas, 01:36:59.130 --> 01:37:02.070 I believe the NYC folks would get on me about it, 01:37:02.070 --> 01:37:05.430 but Texas alone would represent the, you know, 01:37:05.430 --> 01:37:07.666 sixth largest country in terms of listed companies 01:37:07.666 --> 01:37:09.970 on the New York Stock Exchange. 01:37:09.970 --> 01:37:12.680 So, Texas in particular is extremely important. 01:37:12.680 --> 01:37:14.180 And a lot of those companies, as you can imagine, 01:37:14.180 --> 01:37:15.030 are energy companies. 01:37:15.030 --> 01:37:17.480 So, they, hopefully they know what they're doing. 01:37:18.350 --> 01:37:19.520 If you'd hit the next slide, please. 01:37:19.520 --> 01:37:21.120 I appreciate it. 01:37:21.120 --> 01:37:23.100 So, first I wanted to talk about hedging. 01:37:23.100 --> 01:37:26.150 There's been so much discussion over the last several months 01:37:26.150 --> 01:37:28.570 about hedging and who hedges and who doesn't hedge 01:37:28.570 --> 01:37:32.580 and why it's important or unimportant. 01:37:32.580 --> 01:37:35.650 And ultimately, what hedging is supposed 01:37:35.650 --> 01:37:38.530 to do is provide you with a bit of assurance 01:37:38.530 --> 01:37:43.461 that should you have a resource 01:37:43.461 --> 01:37:45.631 and you have estimated the price of that resource 01:37:45.631 --> 01:37:48.020 or the value of that resource incorrectly, 01:37:48.020 --> 01:37:50.720 this is, in essence, an insurance payment against that. 01:37:50.720 --> 01:37:52.620 So, if you go make a particular investment 01:37:52.620 --> 01:37:54.913 to provide a service of any kind, 01:37:55.880 --> 01:37:57.700 you would hope that there is a way for you 01:37:57.700 --> 01:37:59.670 to hedge that bet, so to speak. 01:37:59.670 --> 01:38:02.480 Go out and either buy or sell a product 01:38:02.480 --> 01:38:05.460 that would give you some sort of financial protection 01:38:05.460 --> 01:38:07.680 in case you've made the wrong decision. 01:38:07.680 --> 01:38:11.461 And that's what we see in these exchange markets. 01:38:11.461 --> 01:38:14.520 And that's what we see in Texas in both the electricity side 01:38:14.520 --> 01:38:15.770 and the natural gas side. 01:38:16.630 --> 01:38:19.130 The ERCOT market is widely regarded 01:38:19.130 --> 01:38:21.120 as one of the most successful markets 01:38:21.120 --> 01:38:26.120 in terms of operational investment and trading. 01:38:26.650 --> 01:38:29.100 And that trading is important because that is the hedging. 01:38:29.100 --> 01:38:33.390 That's what all of the participants in ERCOT are looking to, 01:38:33.390 --> 01:38:37.200 to understand the value of their generation stack, 01:38:37.200 --> 01:38:39.400 understand where they need investment 01:38:39.400 --> 01:38:43.493 and what the potential cash flows from new investment are. 01:38:45.350 --> 01:38:48.010 So, if we break it down very simply, 01:38:48.010 --> 01:38:50.940 there are three types of hedgers here, 01:38:50.940 --> 01:38:52.410 and maybe there are others, 01:38:52.410 --> 01:38:54.890 but these are the ones that pop into my mind most rapidly, 01:38:54.890 --> 01:38:57.310 which is, you know, first you've got consumers 01:38:57.310 --> 01:38:59.390 and I don't necessarily mean you and me, 01:38:59.390 --> 01:39:01.190 but the reality of it is, 01:39:01.190 --> 01:39:02.453 is in a way it is you and me. 01:39:02.453 --> 01:39:04.243 We have the power to choose here in Texas. 01:39:04.243 --> 01:39:07.770 And so, we get to make all sorts of choices 01:39:07.770 --> 01:39:11.730 about which provider we use and what price we pay for that. 01:39:11.730 --> 01:39:14.860 We get to choose what generation stack even. 01:39:14.860 --> 01:39:18.380 So, it's a pretty powerful tool for us as consumers. 01:39:18.380 --> 01:39:21.920 And hopefully, we're all using fixed price contracts 01:39:21.920 --> 01:39:22.980 at this point. 01:39:22.980 --> 01:39:26.173 I think we understand the dangers in not, 01:39:28.530 --> 01:39:30.790 but there are also industrial consumers, 01:39:30.790 --> 01:39:32.220 manufacturers, et cetera, 01:39:32.220 --> 01:39:34.210 just anybody on the grid that uses electricity 01:39:34.210 --> 01:39:35.450 as a consumer, 01:39:35.450 --> 01:39:38.120 and they have the choice to hedge their products, 01:39:38.120 --> 01:39:41.170 either on the day ahead market or the realtime market. 01:39:41.170 --> 01:39:43.360 And luckily, we had these guys to explain 01:39:43.360 --> 01:39:45.950 to us what the difference in the day ahead and the realtime, 01:39:45.950 --> 01:39:47.377 I always like to think of the day ahead 01:39:47.377 --> 01:39:49.180 as it's everybody's best guess 01:39:49.180 --> 01:39:50.780 at what tomorrow's going to look like. 01:39:50.780 --> 01:39:54.900 And realtime is just the reality, and it's the difference, 01:39:54.900 --> 01:39:57.750 and in fact, one of the most common products traded in Texas 01:39:57.750 --> 01:39:59.410 and other markets is a spread 01:39:59.410 --> 01:40:00.720 between the day ahead and realtime. 01:40:00.720 --> 01:40:01.620 And it's essentially, 01:40:01.620 --> 01:40:06.290 it's a guess at how efficient the market is pricing 01:40:06.290 --> 01:40:09.280 and understanding in the day ahead 01:40:09.280 --> 01:40:10.973 versus what reality will end up. 01:40:12.250 --> 01:40:13.850 The next category is we've got the generators 01:40:13.850 --> 01:40:16.310 and this is where we're going to spend a lot of time today, 01:40:16.310 --> 01:40:19.210 I'm sure, because we understand 01:40:19.210 --> 01:40:21.630 that generation scarcity is an issue 01:40:21.630 --> 01:40:24.270 and potentially a growing issue in the state, 01:40:24.270 --> 01:40:27.650 but electricity generators, 01:40:27.650 --> 01:40:29.620 they have a couple of different inputs 01:40:29.620 --> 01:40:31.060 and I'm going to keep it very simple. 01:40:31.060 --> 01:40:33.480 We'll assume everybody's got cost of operations, et cetera. 01:40:33.480 --> 01:40:36.080 But the bottom line is, depending on the type of generator, 01:40:36.080 --> 01:40:37.380 I have to buy fuel, 01:40:37.380 --> 01:40:40.010 whether that's coal or whether that's natural gas 01:40:40.010 --> 01:40:41.880 or what other commodity that, 01:40:41.880 --> 01:40:43.740 diesel, I might run my generator, 01:40:43.740 --> 01:40:44.573 I've got to buy that. 01:40:44.573 --> 01:40:49.530 And so, I have price risk with the input to my generation. 01:40:51.900 --> 01:40:53.420 I know roughly what it costs me 01:40:53.420 --> 01:40:56.350 to convert those molecules into electricity. 01:40:56.350 --> 01:40:58.010 And so, that is the price 01:40:58.860 --> 01:41:01.330 for the electricity that's put out. 01:41:01.330 --> 01:41:03.262 I have a couple of options there as well. 01:41:03.262 --> 01:41:06.670 I can sell my electricity, truly, 01:41:06.670 --> 01:41:08.160 as it comes out of the generator 01:41:08.160 --> 01:41:11.250 and at which point, I'm exposed to the realtime price. 01:41:11.250 --> 01:41:12.370 That's a choice. 01:41:12.370 --> 01:41:16.000 We would say that's un-hedged, but that's your choice. 01:41:16.000 --> 01:41:18.720 And the other choice I have is I can sell financial futures 01:41:18.720 --> 01:41:22.860 or actually the physical power on a forward basis as well. 01:41:22.860 --> 01:41:26.220 And so, I can lock in those prices 01:41:26.220 --> 01:41:29.140 based on my best guess at my input costs 01:41:29.140 --> 01:41:30.170 and my output costs, 01:41:30.170 --> 01:41:33.110 lock in my P and L, and hopefully sleep well. 01:41:33.110 --> 01:41:38.100 And that all works until something goes crazy. 01:41:38.100 --> 01:41:41.800 And though, when I say go crazy, I should back up there. 01:41:41.800 --> 01:41:44.490 When the system performs the way it's supposed to 01:41:44.490 --> 01:41:46.020 in times of scarcity, 01:41:46.020 --> 01:41:49.293 crazy, just implying that prices get higher unexpectedly. 01:41:50.699 --> 01:41:52.710 And then we've, of course, got load serving entities. 01:41:52.710 --> 01:41:55.360 And load serving entities, in my mind, 01:41:55.360 --> 01:41:58.760 are typically entities who don't have enough generation 01:41:58.760 --> 01:42:00.730 or any generation to serve all the load. 01:42:00.730 --> 01:42:03.850 So, they're usually out there procuring generation to sell 01:42:03.850 --> 01:42:06.690 to consumers or anybody that needs it, 01:42:06.690 --> 01:42:08.570 and they too have price risk. 01:42:08.570 --> 01:42:10.640 And so, they're the opposite, 01:42:10.640 --> 01:42:12.650 they're typically going the opposite way of the generators 01:42:12.650 --> 01:42:15.090 because they are procuring the electricity 01:42:15.090 --> 01:42:18.993 or procuring financial assurances against rising prices. 01:42:20.580 --> 01:42:22.040 I know I've said a whole lot there, 01:42:22.040 --> 01:42:24.320 and if everybody's on the same page, 01:42:24.320 --> 01:42:25.420 I'm happy to keep going, 01:42:25.420 --> 01:42:28.510 but I'm happy to answer any questions there 01:42:28.510 --> 01:42:29.810 in the middle as well, so. 01:42:30.690 --> 01:42:31.530 Quick question on the, 01:42:31.530 --> 01:42:32.900 especially on the load serving side, 01:42:32.900 --> 01:42:35.770 are there forward and future products only, 01:42:35.770 --> 01:42:37.030 or options as well? 01:42:37.030 --> 01:42:39.623 Options as well. Yeah. 01:42:40.560 --> 01:42:42.260 Let's go to the next slide please. 01:42:43.220 --> 01:42:45.900 So what is the role of ICE in all this? 01:42:45.900 --> 01:42:47.580 Well, there's a couple of functions. 01:42:47.580 --> 01:42:51.750 So, we operate both an exchange and a clearing house. 01:42:51.750 --> 01:42:55.090 The exchange is where both buyers and sellers come 01:42:55.090 --> 01:42:56.870 and they place bids and offers, 01:42:56.870 --> 01:42:59.270 no different than in the ERCOT model as well, 01:42:59.270 --> 01:43:03.000 where we're trying to optimize for the best price. 01:43:03.000 --> 01:43:03.960 This is very similarly, 01:43:03.960 --> 01:43:06.000 we're optimizing the bids and the offers 01:43:06.000 --> 01:43:08.060 until we have a common price, 01:43:08.060 --> 01:43:10.832 at which point, we have an executed order. 01:43:10.832 --> 01:43:14.680 The clearing service that we offer is futures clearing, 01:43:14.680 --> 01:43:17.570 meaning we have a clearing member or bank, 01:43:17.570 --> 01:43:19.630 somebody representing the end consumer 01:43:19.630 --> 01:43:23.230 or end user offering price protection, 01:43:23.230 --> 01:43:25.083 offering credit typically. 01:43:26.030 --> 01:43:30.080 And those clearing members access our clearing house. 01:43:30.080 --> 01:43:35.080 So, ICE every single day is looking for initial margin. 01:43:35.480 --> 01:43:38.350 Basically, that margin is guaranteeing the performance 01:43:38.350 --> 01:43:41.760 of both the buyers and the sellers to honor their contracts. 01:43:41.760 --> 01:43:43.820 Every single day, we're creating a mark 01:43:43.820 --> 01:43:46.550 to market price for the contracts traded, 01:43:46.550 --> 01:43:50.220 and we're assigning a P and L, both paying and collecting, 01:43:50.220 --> 01:43:53.360 every single afternoon and sometimes during the day, 01:43:53.360 --> 01:43:55.183 depending on the commodity. 01:43:56.330 --> 01:43:59.653 And in doing so, we like to say that we're, 01:44:00.650 --> 01:44:05.130 that initial margin should be enough every single night 01:44:05.130 --> 01:44:08.160 to cover the worst move tomorrow. 01:44:08.160 --> 01:44:08.993 Right? 01:44:08.993 --> 01:44:11.120 So, we've always, we're never so far out on a limb 01:44:11.120 --> 01:44:12.240 that we don't have enough cash 01:44:12.240 --> 01:44:15.010 to cover any gains and losses the next day, 01:44:15.010 --> 01:44:15.843 that isn't always the case. 01:44:15.843 --> 01:44:18.360 And that's why we have to raise margins from time to time. 01:44:18.360 --> 01:44:21.050 Certainly, in Texas, we saw issues in the winter 01:44:21.050 --> 01:44:23.740 where we didn't have enough margin on hand 01:44:23.740 --> 01:44:24.800 and that can happen. 01:44:24.800 --> 01:44:28.270 And how we react to those situations is really the key 01:44:28.270 --> 01:44:31.683 to the clearing house or any credit mechanism. 01:44:32.530 --> 01:44:36.500 In futures clearing, we're fairly limited. 01:44:36.500 --> 01:44:38.840 We expect payment every single day. 01:44:38.840 --> 01:44:40.950 There's no, there's no lack of payment. 01:44:40.950 --> 01:44:43.060 If your lack of payment, you're considered in default. 01:44:43.060 --> 01:44:46.070 And the rules and regulations provided by, 01:44:46.070 --> 01:44:48.100 whether it's the United States, or United Kingdom, 01:44:48.100 --> 01:44:49.980 or Europe are very clear, 01:44:49.980 --> 01:44:53.060 we don't have much leeway in collections. 01:44:53.060 --> 01:44:57.500 So, now, the clearing members can sometimes give, you know, 01:44:57.500 --> 01:44:59.930 24 hours or 48 hours to their customer. 01:44:59.930 --> 01:45:02.720 But we as a clearing house expect payment daily and timely. 01:45:02.720 --> 01:45:05.410 And if you're not made daily and timely, 01:45:05.410 --> 01:45:09.730 we can put you in default, potentially liquidate positions, 01:45:09.730 --> 01:45:12.853 potentially liquidate the desks and pencils in your office. 01:45:13.740 --> 01:45:15.130 We're going to come and find all the money 01:45:15.130 --> 01:45:16.750 and we're going to do it as quick as we can 01:45:16.750 --> 01:45:18.090 to keep the market whole. 01:45:18.090 --> 01:45:18.923 So, question there, 01:45:18.923 --> 01:45:22.200 Yes, sir. When you consider the risk 01:45:22.200 --> 01:45:23.823 of market participants, 01:45:24.980 --> 01:45:29.450 and where I'm headed is we sort of have, 01:45:29.450 --> 01:45:32.560 in the ERCOT market, two clearing houses, 01:45:32.560 --> 01:45:34.750 we have ERCOT, to a certain extent, 01:45:34.750 --> 01:45:38.070 and then we have ICE, and you're on the supply side, 01:45:38.070 --> 01:45:40.550 you know, arbitraging that commodity 01:45:40.550 --> 01:45:45.170 and paired with generation and then retail as well, 01:45:45.170 --> 01:45:48.040 I assume, because they're hedging through you as well? 01:45:48.040 --> 01:45:49.570 The reps, for sure, yeah. Sure, yeah. 01:45:49.570 --> 01:45:50.960 Not individuals but reps, yeah. 01:45:50.960 --> 01:45:51.943 But reps, yeah. 01:45:52.850 --> 01:45:57.850 So, in terms of actors who default, 01:45:59.760 --> 01:46:01.120 what are the repercussions for that? 01:46:01.120 --> 01:46:04.750 If they default, can they not, you know, 01:46:04.750 --> 01:46:06.660 what are the ramifications for that with ICE? 01:46:06.660 --> 01:46:08.330 Yeah, it, pretty swiftly we're going 01:46:08.330 --> 01:46:10.670 to remove their ability to participate 01:46:10.670 --> 01:46:12.880 because we don't want them to exacerbate an issue. 01:46:12.880 --> 01:46:16.680 If we're concerned about a credit issue, 01:46:16.680 --> 01:46:19.017 we act swiftly to put a member in default 01:46:19.017 --> 01:46:22.380 and in this particular model, and I've got to, 01:46:22.380 --> 01:46:24.590 to muddy the water, we actually have two clearing houses, 01:46:24.590 --> 01:46:26.507 one for financially settled products 01:46:26.507 --> 01:46:28.340 and one for physically settled products. 01:46:28.340 --> 01:46:30.090 And so, when we get to the physical one, 01:46:30.090 --> 01:46:31.380 that might even make more sense 01:46:31.380 --> 01:46:32.660 as to how it relates to ERCOT. 01:46:32.660 --> 01:46:34.193 But in this particular model, 01:46:35.400 --> 01:46:37.520 there are two different credit assurances 01:46:37.520 --> 01:46:38.750 for us, the clearinghouse. 01:46:38.750 --> 01:46:42.240 One is we've got member banks or member firms 01:46:42.240 --> 01:46:44.600 that represent their customers. 01:46:44.600 --> 01:46:47.483 And so, a member firm may have 20 customers. 01:46:48.390 --> 01:46:50.780 Every single day, I'm expecting the member firm 01:46:50.780 --> 01:46:52.650 to make me whole. 01:46:52.650 --> 01:46:56.910 If they have a customer that creates such a large default 01:46:56.910 --> 01:46:59.430 that the member firm cannot make me whole, 01:46:59.430 --> 01:47:01.680 then I put the member in default. 01:47:01.680 --> 01:47:04.060 I potentially remove all trading privileges 01:47:04.060 --> 01:47:07.240 for every customer of a clearing member. 01:47:07.240 --> 01:47:11.240 And so, those solvent clearing customers would have 01:47:11.240 --> 01:47:13.470 to move to a new clearing member 01:47:13.470 --> 01:47:15.400 in order to continue to participate. 01:47:15.400 --> 01:47:19.850 So, there is a direct overlay between the QSE actor 01:47:19.850 --> 01:47:22.440 and with ERCOT and ICE. 01:47:22.440 --> 01:47:23.490 So essentially, they're, Yeah. 01:47:23.490 --> 01:47:25.350 They're acting in both capacities. 01:47:25.350 --> 01:47:26.440 It absolutely could be, right? 01:47:26.440 --> 01:47:28.090 Okay. So, there are certainly 01:47:28.090 --> 01:47:29.910 some financial only participants 01:47:29.910 --> 01:47:32.550 and as well as physical participants, 01:47:32.550 --> 01:47:36.360 but so, not every ICE participant would be at the QSE level 01:47:36.360 --> 01:47:38.573 of interaction in the ERCOT market. 01:47:39.670 --> 01:47:44.100 But it's probably fair to say that every QSE participant is 01:47:44.100 --> 01:47:47.890 in some way active in ICE, maybe not directly, 01:47:47.890 --> 01:47:49.530 they may go to a bank for hedging 01:47:49.530 --> 01:47:52.810 and the bank may come to ICE, but in some way, 01:47:52.810 --> 01:47:55.350 they're interacting with these forward markets 01:47:55.350 --> 01:47:57.930 that are made transparent by our exchange. 01:47:57.930 --> 01:47:58.763 Okay. 01:48:01.860 --> 01:48:03.300 So, let's jump to the next slide too. 01:48:03.300 --> 01:48:06.510 'Cause I think this one is particularly, excuse me, 01:48:06.510 --> 01:48:08.550 we were just going over this slide more or less, 01:48:08.550 --> 01:48:09.890 which is ICE Futures US. 01:48:09.890 --> 01:48:12.790 So, this is really where we have our financial futures. 01:48:12.790 --> 01:48:14.890 This is all cash settled instruments. 01:48:14.890 --> 01:48:17.770 So, all, performance is purely did you pay your bill? 01:48:17.770 --> 01:48:19.620 Not showing up with molecules. 01:48:19.620 --> 01:48:20.830 Now, let's jump to the next slide 01:48:20.830 --> 01:48:23.230 where I think it gets a little more interesting. 01:48:23.230 --> 01:48:24.860 So, this is ICE NGX. 01:48:24.860 --> 01:48:29.240 So, ICE NGX is a subsidiary of ICE 01:48:29.240 --> 01:48:33.140 that is involved in the physical delivery, 01:48:33.140 --> 01:48:37.410 settlement and clearing of megawatts in ERCOT. 01:48:37.410 --> 01:48:41.940 We also deliver, schedule, physical gas in Texas, 01:48:41.940 --> 01:48:44.710 but as it relates to this particular discussion, 01:48:44.710 --> 01:48:46.360 let's talk about the physical power side. 01:48:46.360 --> 01:48:49.980 So, in this instance, ICE NGX is actually a QSE. 01:48:49.980 --> 01:48:52.700 So, we truly are involved at the QSE level. 01:48:52.700 --> 01:48:55.810 We are scheduling in and out buys and sells 01:48:55.810 --> 01:48:57.310 to ERCOT every single day. 01:48:57.310 --> 01:48:59.230 Now, by default, we're always flat. 01:48:59.230 --> 01:49:01.990 So, we should never be any risk to anybody 01:49:01.990 --> 01:49:04.930 because I've always got a buyer and a seller. 01:49:04.930 --> 01:49:06.460 But in this particular case, 01:49:06.460 --> 01:49:08.960 we do sometimes see defaults as well, right? 01:49:08.960 --> 01:49:11.200 So, much like ERCOT, 01:49:11.200 --> 01:49:13.840 our first action would be to go in and assess the credit. 01:49:13.840 --> 01:49:16.330 We may shut down a customer only buying. 01:49:16.330 --> 01:49:18.200 We may shut down a customer only selling, 01:49:18.200 --> 01:49:21.442 depending on which side their balance is. 01:49:21.442 --> 01:49:22.392 (coughs) Excuse me. 01:49:24.750 --> 01:49:26.020 If they are in default, 01:49:26.020 --> 01:49:29.920 then we're gonna quickly move into our default procedures. 01:49:29.920 --> 01:49:30.753 And we're going to seek 01:49:30.753 --> 01:49:34.210 to consume their entire letter of credit. 01:49:34.210 --> 01:49:35.270 If that's what we have on hand, 01:49:35.270 --> 01:49:38.010 we're going to ask the bank to turn it to cash. 01:49:38.010 --> 01:49:40.310 We're going to come after any assets that 01:49:40.310 --> 01:49:41.143 that company has, 01:49:41.143 --> 01:49:43.480 and we're going to move swiftly to do so, right? 01:49:43.480 --> 01:49:45.050 We do not allow companies 01:49:45.050 --> 01:49:47.870 to participate once they are in default. 01:49:47.870 --> 01:49:49.410 Once we have put you in default, 01:49:49.410 --> 01:49:51.890 if you want to participate again in the market, 01:49:51.890 --> 01:49:55.770 you have to either make use of any existing balance 01:49:55.770 --> 01:49:58.730 that may be in your favor with the exchange. 01:49:58.730 --> 01:50:01.380 For instance, a company may go into insolvency, 01:50:01.380 --> 01:50:03.200 but have a net balance with us 01:50:03.200 --> 01:50:06.210 because they have receivables that we owed them. 01:50:06.210 --> 01:50:08.170 So, we would allow them to participate 01:50:08.170 --> 01:50:10.040 such that it diminishes their balance, 01:50:10.040 --> 01:50:11.473 but never beyond zero. 01:50:12.740 --> 01:50:15.120 However, if they simply owe us money, 01:50:15.120 --> 01:50:16.810 we shut it down altogether. 01:50:16.810 --> 01:50:18.560 We don't allow them to participate. 01:50:20.330 --> 01:50:22.270 The next step would be, 01:50:22.270 --> 01:50:25.480 we would go to that company and meet with management, 01:50:25.480 --> 01:50:29.210 understand what other steps to get back to solvency 01:50:29.210 --> 01:50:31.590 if the case or resolve any defaults. 01:50:31.590 --> 01:50:33.080 And it may just be a timing issue. 01:50:33.080 --> 01:50:35.117 It may be, "I couldn't make the payment today. 01:50:35.117 --> 01:50:37.350 "I can make the payment tomorrow." 01:50:37.350 --> 01:50:39.500 We have a little bit of leeway to go in and work 01:50:39.500 --> 01:50:42.230 with the customer, just as ERCOT has a little bit of leeway, 01:50:42.230 --> 01:50:44.630 but if we're ultimately not satisfied 01:50:44.630 --> 01:50:45.840 that they can meet collateral, 01:50:45.840 --> 01:50:48.250 we just, we don't enable them again. 01:50:48.250 --> 01:50:49.950 We're not going to take that risk. 01:50:52.070 --> 01:50:52.970 Does that answer your question, sir? 01:50:52.970 --> 01:50:53.803 Yes, sir. Thank you. 01:50:53.803 --> 01:50:54.636 Okay. 01:50:57.650 --> 01:50:59.370 And again, so this is on the physical side, 01:50:59.370 --> 01:51:00.840 so, it looks a little bit different. 01:51:00.840 --> 01:51:03.820 This is more, if you think about it, 01:51:03.820 --> 01:51:07.200 there's future style margining and accrual margining, 01:51:07.200 --> 01:51:08.960 and this is more of an accrual margining. 01:51:08.960 --> 01:51:10.770 So, in future style margining, 01:51:10.770 --> 01:51:13.030 there's a daily P and L and there's a true payment 01:51:13.030 --> 01:51:15.528 and of every single dollar that comes in and goes 01:51:15.528 --> 01:51:18.380 out on a daily basis. 01:51:18.380 --> 01:51:23.160 In this accrual standard, cash isn't fully, 01:51:23.160 --> 01:51:26.870 or P and L isn't fully recognized until flow has happened. 01:51:26.870 --> 01:51:28.480 So, until delivery has occurred, 01:51:28.480 --> 01:51:30.260 you can't take your money out. 01:51:30.260 --> 01:51:32.150 It creates positive balances 01:51:32.150 --> 01:51:34.970 that you can use as margins, et cetera, 01:51:34.970 --> 01:51:39.030 but because it's accrual, because we expect delivery, 01:51:39.030 --> 01:51:42.520 all we're doing is sort of giving you unrealized profit 01:51:42.520 --> 01:51:43.963 and loss on a daily basis. 01:51:44.810 --> 01:51:46.693 We still collect initial margins. 01:51:48.100 --> 01:51:49.420 We still do all the other things. 01:51:49.420 --> 01:51:50.830 We do mark to market, et cetera. 01:51:50.830 --> 01:51:53.520 It just, the cash flows a little bit differently. 01:51:53.520 --> 01:51:57.240 Can you talk about how this schedule, 01:51:57.240 --> 01:52:00.000 how you're scheduling of this physical delivery? 01:52:00.000 --> 01:52:02.080 Because you got a buyer and a seller 01:52:03.200 --> 01:52:05.420 both agreeing, they don't, never, 01:52:05.420 --> 01:52:06.530 I don't know if they see each other or not. 01:52:06.530 --> 01:52:10.740 This is OTC, your OTC platform, but through you, 01:52:10.740 --> 01:52:15.060 they're getting an electron delivered to a certain point 01:52:15.060 --> 01:52:16.004 at a certain place in time. 01:52:16.004 --> 01:52:17.340 Well, really just to the grid. 01:52:17.340 --> 01:52:18.520 So we're, you know, 01:52:18.520 --> 01:52:21.540 that's the nice thing in a market like Texas is 01:52:21.540 --> 01:52:23.860 that you can really think of it as a pool. 01:52:23.860 --> 01:52:26.660 So, as long as I'm putting as much power into the pool 01:52:26.660 --> 01:52:29.523 as I'm taking out, it doesn't matter. 01:52:31.630 --> 01:52:35.760 There are regional markets, we use the hubs. 01:52:35.760 --> 01:52:37.530 We also clear out the load zones. 01:52:37.530 --> 01:52:38.760 And so, to some extent, 01:52:38.760 --> 01:52:41.870 the product you choose determines the region, 01:52:41.870 --> 01:52:44.640 but I'm not necessarily getting to the nodal level. 01:52:44.640 --> 01:52:48.180 We believe that currently that's too precise. 01:52:48.180 --> 01:52:51.340 If we were to go to a nodal perspective, 01:52:51.340 --> 01:52:53.940 odds are you'd have only one or two counterparties able 01:52:53.940 --> 01:52:55.790 to participate at a single node. 01:52:55.790 --> 01:52:57.380 Right. We believe that creates 01:52:57.380 --> 01:53:00.460 excessive risk of concentration and things like that. 01:53:00.460 --> 01:53:02.960 Sure, so, what I'm trying to get at is how your, 01:53:03.840 --> 01:53:07.450 the physical products that are traded on y'all overlays 01:53:07.450 --> 01:53:11.420 with both the ERCOT trades Yeah. 01:53:11.420 --> 01:53:14.700 And interacts with the ERCOT scheduling 01:53:14.700 --> 01:53:15.760 because you don't Okay. 01:53:15.760 --> 01:53:19.690 Just have a buy or sell ERCOT power 01:53:19.690 --> 01:53:22.000 on October 15th product. 01:53:22.000 --> 01:53:24.440 You've got a whole lot of products lifted at ERCOT, right? 01:53:24.440 --> 01:53:26.160 That's right. Yeah, that's accurate. 01:53:26.160 --> 01:53:28.080 So, we have everything from, 01:53:28.080 --> 01:53:31.070 on the cash side, we do a same day product. 01:53:31.070 --> 01:53:35.330 So, people are truly buying and selling a peak load product 01:53:35.330 --> 01:53:37.860 for hour 7 to 22. 01:53:37.860 --> 01:53:40.040 It's a cash settled instrument that they're using 01:53:40.040 --> 01:53:42.480 to hedge what they believe could happen 01:53:42.480 --> 01:53:44.370 throughout the balance of the day. 01:53:44.370 --> 01:53:45.620 And based on that, 01:53:45.620 --> 01:53:48.910 it allows them to make resource guesses about, 01:53:48.910 --> 01:53:50.750 should they go ahead and spin up generator? 01:53:50.750 --> 01:53:52.860 And if they do so, here's the hedge for the cost 01:53:52.860 --> 01:53:54.820 in case it doesn't get called, et cetera, 01:53:54.820 --> 01:53:58.080 and everything through a calendar 2032 product, 01:53:58.080 --> 01:54:01.130 where you're simply making a hedge or guess 01:54:01.130 --> 01:54:03.960 as to what the value will be 10 years from now. 01:54:03.960 --> 01:54:05.470 How many different geographic, if you, 01:54:05.470 --> 01:54:07.260 for lack of a better term, how many different geo, 01:54:07.260 --> 01:54:08.740 like, locations? All five hubs, 01:54:08.740 --> 01:54:10.290 including the newer panhandle, 01:54:10.290 --> 01:54:13.250 which is about 18 months old, I guess, now. 01:54:13.250 --> 01:54:17.120 And I believe all of the load zones for those hubs as well, 01:54:17.120 --> 01:54:18.760 the geographically, for whatever reason, 01:54:18.760 --> 01:54:19.593 they're not perfect. 01:54:19.593 --> 01:54:20.820 They line up slightly differently. 01:54:20.820 --> 01:54:24.230 So in fact, some people will trade a hub versus a zone, 01:54:24.230 --> 01:54:27.010 even though it's both Houston hub and Houston zone. 01:54:27.010 --> 01:54:30.070 And there is some diff, overlap there, you're right, 01:54:30.070 --> 01:54:32.013 or non-overlap, if you will. 01:54:33.110 --> 01:54:34.130 We provide all that. 01:54:34.130 --> 01:54:35.170 And then as you said, 01:54:35.170 --> 01:54:38.120 everything from daily to next week to balance the week, 01:54:38.120 --> 01:54:39.880 to the balance of the month, monthly, 01:54:39.880 --> 01:54:41.460 on out into the future. So, you can, 01:54:41.460 --> 01:54:43.890 so, your platform, you can go buy 01:54:43.890 --> 01:54:46.130 and sell the obligation to either deliver 01:54:46.130 --> 01:54:51.130 or receive an electron in any of these 4, 6, 8? 01:54:54.300 --> 01:54:57.240 In the NGX platform for physical delivery, 01:54:57.240 --> 01:54:59.180 there are five locations. 01:54:59.180 --> 01:55:00.630 So five locations, so that, 01:55:00.630 --> 01:55:01.591 there's a separate product That's right. 01:55:01.591 --> 01:55:02.590 The five hubs. For Houston 01:55:02.590 --> 01:55:04.610 versus West, versus North. North. 01:55:04.610 --> 01:55:05.980 Versus south. That's right. 01:55:05.980 --> 01:55:09.270 For any time between now and 2032? 01:55:09.270 --> 01:55:10.610 That's right. Roughly. 01:55:10.610 --> 01:55:12.210 It may vary slightly on the tenor, 01:55:12.210 --> 01:55:13.790 but a long time. 01:55:13.790 --> 01:55:15.150 Yeah, Long time out. 01:55:15.150 --> 01:55:17.500 And that's a completely different financial product 01:55:17.500 --> 01:55:19.510 for the Houston zone and the West Texas zone? 01:55:19.510 --> 01:55:20.390 Absolutely. 01:55:20.390 --> 01:55:22.210 And you could also have products 01:55:22.210 --> 01:55:27.210 that will trade the spread between those on how, 01:55:28.500 --> 01:55:31.200 which to what Carrie was talking about earlier, does that, 01:55:31.200 --> 01:55:33.825 that would capture some transmission 01:55:33.825 --> 01:55:34.790 inefficiency? That's exactly right. 01:55:34.790 --> 01:55:36.340 It's a bit of a congestion play, right? 01:55:36.340 --> 01:55:39.950 So if I believe that there's going to be a ton 01:55:39.950 --> 01:55:42.760 of excess generation in the West, 01:55:42.760 --> 01:55:45.170 which theoretically there should be, 01:55:45.170 --> 01:55:47.380 there's less people, but there's a lot of generation. 01:55:47.380 --> 01:55:50.370 I may spread it to North or to South or to Houston 01:55:50.370 --> 01:55:55.370 as a way to cover that guess on congestion versus the load 01:55:55.870 --> 01:55:57.767 that I may need to serve in Houston, et cetera, so. 01:55:57.767 --> 01:56:00.730 But if I'm a generator say in South, 01:56:00.730 --> 01:56:02.840 and I want to, you know, 01:56:02.840 --> 01:56:06.470 I want to obligate myself to sell an electron in the future. 01:56:06.470 --> 01:56:10.150 So, I get the cash now for physical delivery 01:56:10.150 --> 01:56:15.150 of that electron on October 15th, 2024, 01:56:15.459 --> 01:56:17.060 and it's only for the south load. 01:56:17.060 --> 01:56:18.765 That's not just dumping it anywhere on earth. 01:56:18.765 --> 01:56:20.570 That's right. That's right. Okay. 01:56:20.570 --> 01:56:22.700 And I mean, you know, theoretically, 01:56:22.700 --> 01:56:24.570 as the Commissioner said, 01:56:24.570 --> 01:56:25.880 this all moves at the speed of light. 01:56:25.880 --> 01:56:28.360 So, if you're able to provide to this, to the grid, 01:56:28.360 --> 01:56:30.980 then theoretically that power can move to Maine, 01:56:30.980 --> 01:56:31.813 but it's about getting it there, right? 01:56:31.813 --> 01:56:33.980 So, you've got to have that transmission. 01:56:33.980 --> 01:56:35.027 Right, but if I took the money now 01:56:35.027 --> 01:56:36.360 Right. To obligate that, 01:56:36.360 --> 01:56:37.892 But you're obligated for where you bought it, 01:56:37.892 --> 01:56:38.725 that's right. And if I don't show up 01:56:38.725 --> 01:56:41.330 with that power in that zone, 01:56:41.330 --> 01:56:42.540 Then you face repercussions. 01:56:42.540 --> 01:56:44.920 Then I'm in default to ICE? 01:56:44.920 --> 01:56:46.013 That's right. Correct. 01:56:46.013 --> 01:56:48.960 But on that time in place then is, 01:56:48.960 --> 01:56:50.160 when does that scheduling? 01:56:50.160 --> 01:56:52.090 I've got to get to that zone. 01:56:52.090 --> 01:56:53.780 When does the scheduling and distribution 01:56:53.780 --> 01:56:55.410 of that shift to ERCOT? 01:56:55.410 --> 01:56:57.290 Like, I guess the handoff of that electron. 01:56:57.290 --> 01:56:59.000 Sure. Day ahead. Okay. 01:56:59.000 --> 01:57:01.870 So, scheduling for tomorrow's electricity is done 01:57:01.870 --> 01:57:05.470 and keep me honest, by 10:15, or it used to be, 01:57:05.470 --> 01:57:06.840 been a long time since I had to do that. 01:57:06.840 --> 01:57:07.950 10:00 AM. Okay. 01:57:07.950 --> 01:57:11.180 So, by 10:00 AM each day, I have to have 01:57:11.180 --> 01:57:14.690 into the system all of our longs and shorts 01:57:14.690 --> 01:57:16.440 to the ERCOT, by location, 01:57:16.440 --> 01:57:18.080 et cetera, scheduled in the system. 01:57:18.080 --> 01:57:19.770 Okay. And so, 01:57:19.770 --> 01:57:22.709 I want to say in June we had something 01:57:22.709 --> 01:57:27.000 like 20 terawatt hours of buys and sells. 01:57:27.000 --> 01:57:28.050 And on average, 01:57:28.050 --> 01:57:31.880 we scheduled each day about 40% of that total. 01:57:31.880 --> 01:57:32.713 So it's, you know, 01:57:32.713 --> 01:57:34.780 we get a lot of netting, as you can imagine. 01:57:34.780 --> 01:57:35.613 Right? Sure. 01:57:35.613 --> 01:57:36.600 So, buyers and sellers. 01:57:36.600 --> 01:57:39.390 We are the counterparty to everybody. 01:57:39.390 --> 01:57:42.700 So, it doesn't matter if Carrie bought from me 01:57:42.700 --> 01:57:45.510 and then I sold to Dave, they would never know, 01:57:45.510 --> 01:57:46.650 nor do they ever need to know, 01:57:46.650 --> 01:57:48.860 because I'm the guarantee in the middle. 01:57:48.860 --> 01:57:53.860 So, 40% of the transactions are based 01:57:53.860 --> 01:57:58.860 on power purchase agreements that you're processing. 01:57:59.180 --> 01:58:00.830 No, I don't, I don't want to say that. 01:58:00.830 --> 01:58:03.950 I was trying to illustrate that, of the total volume 01:58:03.950 --> 01:58:07.340 that trades on the platform, Right. 01:58:07.340 --> 01:58:08.729 Not all of it gets scheduled. 01:58:08.729 --> 01:58:09.562 Okay. 01:58:09.562 --> 01:58:11.130 So, just because I've bought or sold, 01:58:11.130 --> 01:58:12.152 doesn't mean I'm truly That's not necessarily 01:58:12.152 --> 01:58:12.985 part of it. Going to show up. 01:58:12.985 --> 01:58:13.818 Okay. That's right. 01:58:13.818 --> 01:58:14.900 Because someone's going to net out. 01:58:14.900 --> 01:58:17.590 I may, in the chairman's example, 01:58:17.590 --> 01:58:19.520 he bought for October 15th. Right. 01:58:19.520 --> 01:58:22.940 He's got between now and then to change his mind. 01:58:22.940 --> 01:58:24.100 And he may very well do so. 01:58:24.100 --> 01:58:26.330 He may find a better opportunity somewhere else. 01:58:26.330 --> 01:58:28.110 At which point, he would simply come out of the exchange, 01:58:28.110 --> 01:58:30.050 flatten out his ICE position 01:58:30.050 --> 01:58:31.660 and go sell to that customer directly. 01:58:31.660 --> 01:58:32.849 If that's what he chooses. Yeah. 01:58:32.849 --> 01:58:35.340 I'm trying to figure out what Carrie sees 01:58:35.340 --> 01:58:36.900 in the realtime market. 01:58:36.900 --> 01:58:39.120 And again, that's what we're watching constantly. 01:58:39.120 --> 01:58:40.920 And again, that vast picture 01:58:40.920 --> 01:58:45.043 of the bilateral agreements. 01:58:46.350 --> 01:58:48.027 What is the pie chart on that? 01:58:48.027 --> 01:58:49.410 So, you're, Right. 01:58:49.410 --> 01:58:51.170 Where the exchange, So all she sees is, 01:58:51.170 --> 01:58:53.280 at the point it's been scheduled, 01:58:53.280 --> 01:58:54.770 and this is really for Dave too, right? 01:58:54.770 --> 01:58:56.090 So, all ERCOT sees, we should say, 01:58:56.090 --> 01:58:57.440 Yeah. Carrie just gets to see 01:58:57.440 --> 01:58:58.830 what ERCOT can see. Yep. 01:58:58.830 --> 01:58:59.920 The only thing they can see 01:58:59.920 --> 01:59:02.020 is what actually gets scheduled. 01:59:02.020 --> 01:59:04.810 So, they wouldn't get to see the other 60% that netted out. 01:59:04.810 --> 01:59:07.620 They wouldn't get to see any of the buys and sells 01:59:07.620 --> 01:59:09.230 that happened and never actually went 01:59:09.230 --> 01:59:10.330 to delivery, et cetera. 01:59:10.330 --> 01:59:12.710 They only see what is truly scheduled 01:59:12.710 --> 01:59:15.343 onto the system the day ahead. 01:59:16.240 --> 01:59:17.073 That's it. 01:59:17.073 --> 01:59:19.290 They don't get to see what is going to happen 01:59:19.290 --> 01:59:20.880 for October 15th. 01:59:20.880 --> 01:59:25.511 Now, they can take price signals in theory, because, 01:59:25.511 --> 01:59:28.820 because October 15th traded today, 01:59:28.820 --> 01:59:31.810 I can create a mark to market for October 15th 01:59:31.810 --> 01:59:34.490 and give everybody investors, generators, 01:59:34.490 --> 01:59:37.770 whatever, some idea of what the value of October 15th is. 01:59:37.770 --> 01:59:39.120 Right, but a bilateral, 01:59:39.120 --> 01:59:40.613 I think this is important, like a bilateral 01:59:40.613 --> 01:59:45.613 between like Acme generator and Value Co rep, 01:59:46.670 --> 01:59:50.320 where they agreed to deliver electrons over the next, 01:59:50.320 --> 01:59:52.990 of a certain, you know, over the next three months, 01:59:52.990 --> 01:59:55.710 that can be a two party agreement that never touches ICE. 01:59:55.710 --> 01:59:57.200 That's right. Absolutely. Okay. 01:59:57.200 --> 01:59:58.870 And that's, they schedule that, 01:59:58.870 --> 01:59:59.703 Acme schedules it They'd have 01:59:59.703 --> 02:00:00.643 to schedule it directly. 02:00:00.643 --> 02:00:02.530 That's right. Directly, call Dave, 02:00:02.530 --> 02:00:03.650 Got it. And says, 02:00:03.650 --> 02:00:08.063 this electron needs to go to Value Co, right? 02:00:08.981 --> 02:00:10.861 And that's the bilateral you hear so much about. 02:00:10.861 --> 02:00:12.260 For sure. And that's a huge, 02:00:12.260 --> 02:00:15.390 Huge part, absolutely. 85% of the physical, 02:00:15.390 --> 02:00:16.223 Yeah. Of, like I said, 02:00:16.223 --> 02:00:17.760 the power schedule. It's tough to say 02:00:17.760 --> 02:00:19.547 because it's very opaque, right? 02:00:19.547 --> 02:00:20.630 And that's the reality. 02:00:20.630 --> 02:00:23.550 So, the benefit and curse 02:00:23.550 --> 02:00:24.853 of the transparent exchange market is 02:00:24.853 --> 02:00:26.380 that it's all right there for you. 02:00:26.380 --> 02:00:29.930 So, you can see what's happening, but in the opaque market, 02:00:29.930 --> 02:00:31.050 the bilateral market, 02:00:31.050 --> 02:00:33.430 which serves a absolutely necessary function, 02:00:33.430 --> 02:00:34.410 don't get me wrong. 02:00:34.410 --> 02:00:36.460 I don't mean anything negative by opaque. 02:00:37.330 --> 02:00:38.870 There's no great way to see what's going on. 02:00:38.870 --> 02:00:41.790 Now, on the Swap, capital S, side, 02:00:41.790 --> 02:00:43.560 Dodd-Frank tried to bring some of that 02:00:43.560 --> 02:00:44.750 to make it more transparent, 02:00:44.750 --> 02:00:48.800 which is why they created the swap repositories, et cetera. 02:00:48.800 --> 02:00:51.830 Okay, but even on the day ahead, 02:00:51.830 --> 02:00:52.940 that can be a financial 02:00:52.940 --> 02:00:54.682 or a physical trend, right? Sure. 02:00:54.682 --> 02:00:55.515 That's right. So, you can buy 02:00:55.515 --> 02:00:59.463 a day ahead and then never physically take or, 02:01:00.413 --> 02:01:01.371 or generate. Yeah. 02:01:01.371 --> 02:01:02.204 Yeah, it's an option. Ultimately, you've always 02:01:02.204 --> 02:01:04.183 got ERCOT as your backstop, right? 02:01:04.183 --> 02:01:07.240 And so, a lot of our participants do, in fact, 02:01:07.240 --> 02:01:09.610 trade most of their book financially, 02:01:09.610 --> 02:01:10.740 because the beauty 02:01:10.740 --> 02:01:13.300 of those financial instruments is they settle exactly 02:01:13.300 --> 02:01:16.200 to either the day ahead or the realtime price. 02:01:16.200 --> 02:01:18.580 So if it's realtime and I need megawatts, 02:01:18.580 --> 02:01:20.170 and I have a hedge, well, good news, 02:01:20.170 --> 02:01:23.217 the settlement price of that financial contract is the price 02:01:23.217 --> 02:01:25.067 of the energy that I need to procure. 02:01:26.020 --> 02:01:29.710 So, I just wanna make sure I understand this right. 02:01:29.710 --> 02:01:30.970 And then ask you 02:01:30.970 --> 02:01:32.020 some more specific questions. Sure. 02:01:32.020 --> 02:01:37.020 So, as the Chairman and Commissioner McAdams are saying, 02:01:37.720 --> 02:01:42.720 they, basically, your visibility is into the day ahead, 02:01:43.400 --> 02:01:46.300 realtime, not into the bilateral market. 02:01:46.300 --> 02:01:47.423 There's not a lot of visibility in there. 02:01:47.423 --> 02:01:50.080 Well, they're the same thing. 02:01:50.080 --> 02:01:53.550 It's just that some of that day ahead is bilateral 02:01:53.550 --> 02:01:55.507 and therefore, I can't see it and you can't see it. 02:01:55.507 --> 02:01:56.400 Right. Right? 02:01:56.400 --> 02:01:58.513 So, the bilateral aspect of each 02:01:58.513 --> 02:01:59.490 of those markets. Yes, ma'am. 02:01:59.490 --> 02:02:02.300 Okay, so, as you said at the beginning 02:02:02.300 --> 02:02:04.523 that your ICE runs the forward market. 02:02:05.360 --> 02:02:07.060 We operate a forward market. 02:02:07.060 --> 02:02:10.870 There are OTC markets that could be bilateral 02:02:10.870 --> 02:02:13.100 that I wouldn't have, you see what I mean? 02:02:13.100 --> 02:02:16.460 Like I don't wanna get lost in semantics, 02:02:16.460 --> 02:02:19.240 but we operate the transparent forward market. 02:02:19.240 --> 02:02:20.140 Okay. 02:02:20.140 --> 02:02:23.330 So, as we're looking at the transparent forward market 02:02:23.330 --> 02:02:28.330 and forward prices, what I'm interested in learning about 02:02:28.370 --> 02:02:30.560 and getting some clarification from you is, 02:02:30.560 --> 02:02:32.290 obviously, the actions we take 02:02:32.290 --> 02:02:34.960 as a Commission impact forward pricing. 02:02:34.960 --> 02:02:35.793 Yeah, that's right. 02:02:35.793 --> 02:02:37.470 And that's really, 02:02:37.470 --> 02:02:42.470 as we sort of look forward in implementing SB 3 02:02:42.640 --> 02:02:45.160 and all the, you know, knobs, I mentioned yesterday, 02:02:45.160 --> 02:02:47.883 and the levers that has SB 3 includes in there, 02:02:48.750 --> 02:02:51.200 it's really important to keep in mind 02:02:51.200 --> 02:02:52.860 that those actions we take 02:02:52.860 --> 02:02:57.140 and even actions this summer impact forward pricing. 02:02:57.140 --> 02:02:58.325 And so, actions Absolutely. 02:02:58.325 --> 02:02:59.530 Would you hit the next slide, please? 02:02:59.530 --> 02:03:01.257 Or even statements (laughs). 02:03:02.780 --> 02:03:03.640 So this is what we're talking about. 02:03:03.640 --> 02:03:05.450 Here, this is the forward curve, 02:03:05.450 --> 02:03:08.680 as we know it for ERCOT north hub yesterday 02:03:08.680 --> 02:03:09.820 for the peak part of the curve. 02:03:09.820 --> 02:03:12.700 And this is speaking to exactly what you're talking about 02:03:12.700 --> 02:03:14.500 and you can see there's a very, 02:03:14.500 --> 02:03:16.490 guess what those tall spikes are. 02:03:16.490 --> 02:03:17.350 That's summer. 02:03:17.350 --> 02:03:19.470 This is a year? Or what's our timeline here? 02:03:19.470 --> 02:03:21.640 Through October of '32 or something. 02:03:21.640 --> 02:03:23.470 I apologize for the scale. 02:03:23.470 --> 02:03:24.460 That's 10 years. 02:03:24.460 --> 02:03:26.120 that's captured a lot of trades, yeah. 02:03:26.120 --> 02:03:26.953 That's right. 02:03:26.953 --> 02:03:30.440 So, and this may not actually be trades 02:03:30.440 --> 02:03:32.710 because we're using some math to say, okay, well, 02:03:32.710 --> 02:03:34.700 I had a trade in '24 and a trade in '26, 02:03:34.700 --> 02:03:37.010 so I can make a good guess about '25. 02:03:37.010 --> 02:03:37.843 Does that make sense? 02:03:37.843 --> 02:03:39.210 Yep. So what, okay, 02:03:39.210 --> 02:03:40.960 so what time period, 02:03:40.960 --> 02:03:44.750 I guess, for purposes of a timeline, obviously, what the, 02:03:44.750 --> 02:03:46.353 if we take actions this fall, 02:03:46.353 --> 02:03:48.810 that will impact forward pricing for next summer. 02:03:48.810 --> 02:03:49.643 Yeah. Right? 02:03:49.643 --> 02:03:53.410 So, leading up to the pricing this summer, 02:03:53.410 --> 02:03:55.860 obviously, there were actions or things that happened 02:03:55.860 --> 02:03:58.313 that impacted forward pricing for this summer. 02:03:59.890 --> 02:04:04.890 So, what would you say would be ways 02:04:04.920 --> 02:04:07.580 that we can positively impact forward pricing? 02:04:07.580 --> 02:04:09.740 Because forward pricing is very important 02:04:10.610 --> 02:04:12.320 to drive investment. 02:04:12.320 --> 02:04:14.830 What are some of the actions you believe are some 02:04:14.830 --> 02:04:19.420 of like the zingers that move those prices up, right? 02:04:19.420 --> 02:04:20.253 I mean- Yeah. 02:04:20.253 --> 02:04:22.730 So, I'm not going to speculate on what, 02:04:22.730 --> 02:04:24.000 Not specifics, but like, 02:04:24.000 --> 02:04:24.833 Right. 02:04:24.833 --> 02:04:26.610 I mean, look, Not specific numbers. 02:04:26.610 --> 02:04:29.750 Our job is to not have an opinion. 02:04:29.750 --> 02:04:30.950 Right? And I don't. 02:04:30.950 --> 02:04:34.570 So I guess I have some bias 02:04:34.570 --> 02:04:37.450 because I know what leads to more transactions typically. 02:04:37.450 --> 02:04:38.793 So, I like a little volatility, right? 02:04:38.793 --> 02:04:42.100 That we are a company that makes money on the trading. 02:04:42.100 --> 02:04:43.730 And so, when people are doing all this hedging, 02:04:43.730 --> 02:04:44.563 that's how we make money. 02:04:44.563 --> 02:04:46.834 So, if the market's perfectly flat forever 02:04:46.834 --> 02:04:50.180 and ever, and ever, I'm not going to have a business. 02:04:50.180 --> 02:04:52.470 But that doesn't mean that's not the most utility 02:04:52.470 --> 02:04:54.580 for us as a society. 02:04:54.580 --> 02:04:56.110 So, if that's what happens, that's what happens. 02:04:56.110 --> 02:04:57.490 That's fine. 02:04:57.490 --> 02:04:59.130 But in this particular case, 02:04:59.130 --> 02:05:02.367 it's difficult for me to point to any one thing and say, 02:05:02.367 --> 02:05:04.277 "Well, if you take this action, 02:05:04.277 --> 02:05:08.120 "I'll see these peaks shave off by 30%." 02:05:08.120 --> 02:05:10.150 I can't really give you that. Right? 02:05:10.150 --> 02:05:12.320 Because it's a complex system. 02:05:12.320 --> 02:05:14.740 I think what you guys can do, 02:05:14.740 --> 02:05:18.350 and you're going to have people who are way better experts 02:05:18.350 --> 02:05:22.940 in cause and effect on actual generation and the prices 02:05:22.940 --> 02:05:24.550 and what happens to the customer. 02:05:24.550 --> 02:05:26.460 You're going to have better experts than me. 02:05:26.460 --> 02:05:30.110 I'm, I am loosely an expert on markets. Okay? 02:05:30.110 --> 02:05:32.710 So, I can tell you that the reason those are higher 02:05:32.710 --> 02:05:33.543 in those things is 02:05:33.543 --> 02:05:36.139 because there's more people willing to buy. 02:05:36.139 --> 02:05:37.400 So, And I know it sounds silly, 02:05:37.400 --> 02:05:38.800 but there's more buyers than sellers 02:05:38.800 --> 02:05:40.020 and that's why it went up. 02:05:40.020 --> 02:05:43.960 Okay, so when I hear from the stakeholder community, 02:05:43.960 --> 02:05:48.600 that what we did just killed the ICE market, 02:05:48.600 --> 02:05:49.800 tell me what that means. 02:05:49.800 --> 02:05:54.800 I think what they mean is the volatility got so high. 02:05:55.210 --> 02:06:00.200 The price got so high, $9,000 for four days. Okay? 02:06:00.200 --> 02:06:02.770 Normally being 40 or $50, 02:06:02.770 --> 02:06:05.260 recall I have to collect initial margin 02:06:05.260 --> 02:06:10.260 from customers in order to protect myself in the event 02:06:10.330 --> 02:06:11.690 that there are crazy price moves 02:06:11.690 --> 02:06:14.120 or large price moves, whatever you want to say. 02:06:14.120 --> 02:06:17.453 I got to stop using crazy. Large price moves. 02:06:18.350 --> 02:06:21.040 So, when we see sustained $9,000, 02:06:21.040 --> 02:06:24.380 I now have to factor in the reality of $9,000 02:06:24.380 --> 02:06:26.030 into my risk model. 02:06:26.030 --> 02:06:31.030 Meaning that, whereas, say on February 5th, maybe I assumed 02:06:31.550 --> 02:06:36.550 that there was a 0.01% chance the price could be $9,000. 02:06:37.057 --> 02:06:38.670 It just doesn't happen very often. 02:06:38.670 --> 02:06:40.960 It happens for a couple hours each summer. 02:06:40.960 --> 02:06:42.170 And the market absorbs that. 02:06:42.170 --> 02:06:43.440 It's not that really a big deal, 02:06:43.440 --> 02:06:45.780 but now all of a sudden, I've had $9,000 02:06:45.780 --> 02:06:47.510 for four and a half days. 02:06:47.510 --> 02:06:48.920 So, now instead of being 0.01, 02:06:48.920 --> 02:06:52.700 maybe there's a 1% or 2% chance the price can be nine. 02:06:52.700 --> 02:06:55.491 That changes the amount of collateral I need 02:06:55.491 --> 02:06:57.680 to require from my customers. 02:06:57.680 --> 02:06:59.130 Similarly, it should change the math 02:06:59.130 --> 02:07:02.090 that ERCOT needs to collect more collateral 02:07:02.090 --> 02:07:04.280 from their customers as well, same idea. 02:07:04.280 --> 02:07:06.810 And so, when they say "Killed the market," 02:07:06.810 --> 02:07:07.710 that's very generic. 02:07:07.710 --> 02:07:08.930 So, it could mean a variety of things. 02:07:08.930 --> 02:07:10.410 And I'm sorry this is so long winded. 02:07:10.410 --> 02:07:11.260 It's okay. But one, 02:07:11.260 --> 02:07:12.420 I assume they're saying 02:07:12.420 --> 02:07:16.680 that the market got a little less liquid 02:07:16.680 --> 02:07:19.060 and the reason it got a little less liquid, in my opinion, 02:07:19.060 --> 02:07:22.010 is because margins were so high 02:07:22.010 --> 02:07:26.130 that to trade a 50 megawatt hour hedge might cost you 02:07:26.130 --> 02:07:28.600 a million dollars in collateral, 02:07:28.600 --> 02:07:33.600 but that million dollars represented $800 per megawatt hour 02:07:33.920 --> 02:07:35.190 of price risk. 02:07:35.190 --> 02:07:37.010 Well, that's not even 9,000, right? 02:07:37.010 --> 02:07:40.790 So, imagine if I had to set the margin at 9,000 02:07:40.790 --> 02:07:42.300 and collect $7 million 02:07:42.300 --> 02:07:44.250 or something on that order for a 50 mega, 02:07:44.250 --> 02:07:47.140 the market would have really stopped trading at that point. 02:07:47.140 --> 02:07:50.090 So, I think what they mean, my best guess, 02:07:50.090 --> 02:07:51.280 and I don't know who you were speaking to. 02:07:51.280 --> 02:07:52.113 I'm sorry. 02:07:52.113 --> 02:07:56.763 Is that just that with those prices being at 9,000, 02:07:58.430 --> 02:08:01.140 it meant that ICE, and by the way, 02:08:01.140 --> 02:08:04.860 the gas side too, gas went to 1,200 at a point in Oklahoma 02:08:04.860 --> 02:08:07.210 and 900 in a couple of places in Texas, 02:08:07.210 --> 02:08:11.990 we had to significantly raise our collateral requirement 02:08:11.990 --> 02:08:13.177 and that's cash. 02:08:13.177 --> 02:08:15.990 And that's cash that these companies have to come up with 02:08:15.990 --> 02:08:17.723 in order to stay sorta, 02:08:19.880 --> 02:08:22.233 instead of to stay out of default, right? 02:08:23.270 --> 02:08:24.470 But that also means 02:08:24.470 --> 02:08:27.390 that where my collateral requirement say, 02:08:27.390 --> 02:08:30.370 went from 100 million to 2 billion, 02:08:30.370 --> 02:08:35.190 that reduces my ability to hedge the next contract. 02:08:35.190 --> 02:08:36.340 Does that make sense? 02:08:36.340 --> 02:08:37.173 Because I need to, 02:08:37.173 --> 02:08:39.983 I have to come up with more cash to participate more. 02:08:41.180 --> 02:08:44.670 So, it took about two months 02:08:44.670 --> 02:08:47.950 of operating before the risk model, 02:08:47.950 --> 02:08:50.840 and I don't know about ERCOT's, but certainly for our model, 02:08:50.840 --> 02:08:53.620 which we cleverly called the ICE Risk Model. 02:08:53.620 --> 02:08:58.210 So IRM, it takes about two months for big spikes like that 02:08:58.210 --> 02:08:59.490 to sort of decay enough 02:08:59.490 --> 02:09:02.540 that margins start to return to a normal level. 02:09:02.540 --> 02:09:05.660 Now, you asked an interesting question about what can we do 02:09:05.660 --> 02:09:07.623 that changes what will happen on the forward curve? 02:09:07.623 --> 02:09:09.920 One of the things I found most fascinating 02:09:09.920 --> 02:09:13.550 and I learned a lot during Uri was 02:09:13.550 --> 02:09:15.500 about the pool for $9,000. 02:09:15.500 --> 02:09:16.890 I actually didn't know 02:09:16.890 --> 02:09:19.770 because I don't think we hit it very often before. 02:09:19.770 --> 02:09:23.390 So, when $9,000 was sustained for four days, 02:09:23.390 --> 02:09:27.470 what we saw is the value, the forward value of summer, 02:09:27.470 --> 02:09:31.240 the July and August contract drifted from $87 down 02:09:31.240 --> 02:09:32.680 to about $65 02:09:33.830 --> 02:09:36.920 in the midst of all time record prices, 02:09:36.920 --> 02:09:40.400 the summer, in my brain, should also be going up. 02:09:40.400 --> 02:09:41.750 Whoa, look what's possible. 02:09:42.610 --> 02:09:44.380 But you have to recall that now, 02:09:44.380 --> 02:09:45.650 because we've used all those funds, 02:09:45.650 --> 02:09:48.130 the cap is $2,000 for the rest of the year. 02:09:48.130 --> 02:09:51.360 So, the maximum price this summer is now only $2,000. 02:09:51.360 --> 02:09:53.300 Now, that's, you got a knock on effect. 02:09:53.300 --> 02:09:56.680 It means that this summer, the most I can collect is $2,000. 02:09:56.680 --> 02:09:59.120 But going back to the chairman's earlier question, 02:09:59.120 --> 02:10:01.390 is how do I incentivize generators 02:10:01.390 --> 02:10:03.320 to participate in this market? 02:10:03.320 --> 02:10:05.790 Some generators have now missed out on the opportunity 02:10:05.790 --> 02:10:09.050 to collect on those higher prices at different times 02:10:09.050 --> 02:10:10.070 for the rest of the year. 02:10:10.070 --> 02:10:10.903 I see. 02:10:10.903 --> 02:10:13.410 So, because of the sustained impact 02:10:13.410 --> 02:10:15.870 of the $9,000 for X amount of days, 02:10:15.870 --> 02:10:18.120 it impacted this summer, well, it, 02:10:18.120 --> 02:10:19.870 we reached the P and M. 02:10:19.870 --> 02:10:22.080 That's right. That the LCAP kicked in. 02:10:22.080 --> 02:10:22.950 We're at 2,000. 02:10:22.950 --> 02:10:24.470 So, that impacted, obviously, 02:10:24.470 --> 02:10:26.050 the generator's ability that were counting 02:10:26.050 --> 02:10:27.450 on making money this summer. 02:10:28.710 --> 02:10:29.543 That's right. 02:10:29.543 --> 02:10:31.350 They may not have been able to run during the winter storm. 02:10:31.350 --> 02:10:33.040 And so, they've, for at least a year, 02:10:33.040 --> 02:10:35.083 they've lost the ability to capture some of that P and L 02:10:35.083 --> 02:10:36.110 that they would have baked 02:10:36.110 --> 02:10:38.060 into their financial models, et cetera. 02:10:39.320 --> 02:10:40.890 Yeah. 02:10:40.890 --> 02:10:42.560 Good, good answer. 02:10:42.560 --> 02:10:44.530 I know we've got another panel before we get to lunch break. 02:10:44.530 --> 02:10:47.767 So, I don't want to burden you with too many more questions, 02:10:47.767 --> 02:10:49.050 but please keep going. 02:10:49.050 --> 02:10:52.200 No, this was really the end slide. 02:10:52.200 --> 02:10:54.100 I think this is what it's all about, right? 02:10:54.100 --> 02:10:55.213 So, everything that, 02:10:56.060 --> 02:11:00.510 that Dave and ERCOT have done to build a market that is, 02:11:00.510 --> 02:11:03.280 again, frankly, it's very, well-regarded, 02:11:03.280 --> 02:11:06.010 one for its amendability. 02:11:06.010 --> 02:11:08.242 So, I'm certainly not going to be somebody 02:11:08.242 --> 02:11:10.370 to suggest you throw the baby out with the bath water. 02:11:10.370 --> 02:11:11.450 I think that's one of the beauties 02:11:11.450 --> 02:11:14.170 of the ERCOT is the protocol process. 02:11:14.170 --> 02:11:15.740 And you can make changes and revisions 02:11:15.740 --> 02:11:18.957 and create better ideas as you learn. 02:11:18.957 --> 02:11:21.030 But everything that Dave does and then, you know, 02:11:21.030 --> 02:11:21.863 Carrie is sort of here 02:11:21.863 --> 02:11:24.150 to make sure we're all doing it the right way. 02:11:24.150 --> 02:11:25.920 You know, that the math works the way 02:11:25.920 --> 02:11:27.120 that it's designed. 02:11:27.120 --> 02:11:29.200 And then we are the outcome of everything 02:11:29.200 --> 02:11:30.120 that ERCOT is doing. 02:11:30.120 --> 02:11:32.233 So, we are the forward market 02:11:32.233 --> 02:11:34.751 and why this is important goes exactly back 02:11:34.751 --> 02:11:38.660 to your question, and Madam Commissioner, your question, 02:11:38.660 --> 02:11:41.710 which is, how do I get new people to come in and invest? 02:11:41.710 --> 02:11:45.440 Whether it's solar or wind or new gas or nuclear, 02:11:45.440 --> 02:11:47.550 whatever it is and it's this, right? 02:11:47.550 --> 02:11:49.820 So, they come in and they look at this model 02:11:49.820 --> 02:11:51.770 and they look at the peaks and valleys 02:11:51.770 --> 02:11:53.700 and they figure out the average cost 02:11:53.700 --> 02:11:55.577 and they say, "Here's what my inputs are. 02:11:55.577 --> 02:11:57.887 "And based on a decision right now today, 02:11:57.887 --> 02:12:01.457 "here's what I think I can make over a 10 year period. 02:12:01.457 --> 02:12:04.257 "And does that justify my investment in this state?" 02:12:05.850 --> 02:12:10.850 And all the knobs you turn will affect this 02:12:10.900 --> 02:12:12.710 and it'll affect it pretty quickly, right? 02:12:12.710 --> 02:12:14.140 The market is very efficient 02:12:14.140 --> 02:12:16.630 and that's something else to remember. 02:12:16.630 --> 02:12:20.840 Again, so the second we hit the P and M, 02:12:20.840 --> 02:12:23.410 we saw the summer start coming up. 02:12:23.410 --> 02:12:24.300 People are smart. 02:12:24.300 --> 02:12:27.010 The participants in this market that are trading forward 02:12:27.010 --> 02:12:29.590 and managing their risk, they're smart and efficient. 02:12:29.590 --> 02:12:33.130 And so, we see those things happen in near realtime. 02:12:33.130 --> 02:12:34.900 Information is good these days 02:12:36.890 --> 02:12:39.450 and efficient, so, I guess that's, this is it. 02:12:39.450 --> 02:12:41.230 That's the sum. 02:12:41.230 --> 02:12:43.070 Excellent. Thank you very much. 02:12:43.070 --> 02:12:44.530 Thank you, all of our panelists, 02:12:44.530 --> 02:12:47.780 appreciate your time, information, 02:12:47.780 --> 02:12:50.620 and your willingness to field all these questions. 02:12:50.620 --> 02:12:52.260 Thanks so much to you three for inviting us. 02:12:52.260 --> 02:12:53.820 Appreciate it. 02:12:53.820 --> 02:12:57.360 Next up, we have TAEBA, Pattern Energy, 02:12:57.360 --> 02:12:59.080 and Hunt Energy Network. 02:13:03.050 --> 02:13:03.883 Yeah. 02:13:12.489 --> 02:13:14.072 Yes, please, sir. 02:13:19.379 --> 02:13:21.879 (door closes) 02:13:52.290 --> 02:13:55.457 (microphone shuffles) 02:14:40.053 --> 02:14:41.653 All right, do we have a, 02:14:43.390 --> 02:14:46.953 we've got TAEBA up first. 02:14:46.953 --> 02:14:49.863 Do we have a presentation or? 02:14:51.320 --> 02:14:52.320 We're working on it. 02:15:04.680 --> 02:15:06.390 Well, Pat, you wanted to work sessions. 02:15:06.390 --> 02:15:08.390 You got work sessions. 02:15:08.390 --> 02:15:09.993 Oh, it's bringing back all the memories. 02:15:09.993 --> 02:15:12.350 (laughs) It's good stuff. 02:15:12.350 --> 02:15:14.420 I know we have physical copies 02:15:14.420 --> 02:15:16.267 if you want to go ahead and get started, 02:15:16.267 --> 02:15:18.270 Suzanne. Okay. 02:15:18.270 --> 02:15:20.790 And hopefully we'll get the screen working, 02:15:20.790 --> 02:15:23.500 but for sake of time, 02:15:23.500 --> 02:15:26.070 please feel free to state your name 02:15:26.070 --> 02:15:28.420 and who you're with for the record and dive right in. 02:15:28.420 --> 02:15:29.630 Great. Thank you. 02:15:29.630 --> 02:15:32.760 I'm Suzanne Bertin, and I am Managing Director 02:15:32.760 --> 02:15:36.550 of Texas Advanced Energy Business Alliance or TAEBA. 02:15:36.550 --> 02:15:39.530 And we are a business association 02:15:39.530 --> 02:15:41.750 of advanced energy companies, 02:15:41.750 --> 02:15:44.430 where advanced energy really represents a wide range 02:15:44.430 --> 02:15:49.260 of technologies that are the best technologies 02:15:49.260 --> 02:15:50.630 to make the grid more secure, 02:15:50.630 --> 02:15:52.060 clean, reliable, and affordable. 02:15:52.060 --> 02:15:57.020 So, it's technology such as solar, wind, energy efficiency, 02:15:57.020 --> 02:15:59.423 demand response, energy storage, 02:16:00.470 --> 02:16:03.430 and electric vehicles and charging equipment, 02:16:03.430 --> 02:16:04.900 all the hardware and software 02:16:04.900 --> 02:16:06.750 that ties all those systems together. 02:16:07.690 --> 02:16:09.390 Next slide, please. 02:16:09.390 --> 02:16:11.540 Actually, you can move next one after that. 02:16:13.040 --> 02:16:15.890 So, today I want to focus, 02:16:15.890 --> 02:16:19.270 I want to take it up a little bit, bigger picture issue 02:16:19.270 --> 02:16:23.030 to address specifically distributed energy resources. 02:16:23.030 --> 02:16:24.890 You know, historically when we've talked 02:16:24.890 --> 02:16:27.790 about this market, we've always kind of focused more 02:16:27.790 --> 02:16:30.670 on the supply side of the equation, 02:16:30.670 --> 02:16:32.770 big generation, really, you know, 02:16:32.770 --> 02:16:37.770 traveling large distances to reach load in across the state 02:16:38.310 --> 02:16:41.600 and distributed energy resources are really kind 02:16:41.600 --> 02:16:43.540 of the next frontier 02:16:43.540 --> 02:16:45.640 that we need to be addressing in ERCOT. 02:16:45.640 --> 02:16:48.100 And these are our broad range of technologies, 02:16:48.100 --> 02:16:51.890 distributed solar, battery storage, thermal storage. 02:16:51.890 --> 02:16:54.470 It could be, you know, onsite, 02:16:54.470 --> 02:16:56.320 you know, solar at somebody's house, 02:16:56.320 --> 02:16:59.890 connected devices in the home, electric vehicles, 02:16:59.890 --> 02:17:01.730 all those kinds of technologies. 02:17:01.730 --> 02:17:05.490 And they're, you know, smaller, much faster to market. 02:17:05.490 --> 02:17:09.300 They are typically connected at that distribution level. 02:17:09.300 --> 02:17:12.900 So, when you think about the overall grid, 02:17:12.900 --> 02:17:14.500 ERCOT is really looking 02:17:14.500 --> 02:17:16.500 at kind of the bolt transmission system. 02:17:16.500 --> 02:17:19.860 And then you get down to the local utility level, 02:17:19.860 --> 02:17:22.190 that's where these technologies are, and they could be, 02:17:22.190 --> 02:17:24.620 you know, onsite at a home or a business, 02:17:24.620 --> 02:17:27.990 or just connected onto the distribution system. 02:17:27.990 --> 02:17:30.170 They are also typically two way, 02:17:30.170 --> 02:17:33.580 so, they are consuming from the grid, 02:17:33.580 --> 02:17:38.040 but also able to inject back onto the system. 02:17:38.040 --> 02:17:43.040 They also affect the whole system from, you know, the local, 02:17:43.940 --> 02:17:47.593 obviously, the customer has local benefits, 02:17:48.510 --> 02:17:53.510 and then they also affect the local distribution system 02:17:53.550 --> 02:17:57.620 in terms of they can provide for demand reduction, 02:17:57.620 --> 02:18:00.350 also, it affects the overall transmission system, 02:18:00.350 --> 02:18:02.210 and then the amount of generation that's needed 02:18:02.210 --> 02:18:03.820 on the system. 02:18:03.820 --> 02:18:07.331 Wood Mackenzie has, the consulting firm's actually estimated 02:18:07.331 --> 02:18:12.220 that cumulative distributed energy resource capacity 02:18:12.220 --> 02:18:14.280 in the United States is projected to grow 02:18:14.280 --> 02:18:19.280 to an astounding 387 gigawatts by 2025. 02:18:19.740 --> 02:18:22.520 Now, Texas, obviously, we're a huge state. 02:18:22.520 --> 02:18:25.500 And so, I think some of the numbers I'm going to share 02:18:25.500 --> 02:18:28.870 with you a little bit later will bear this out, but, 02:18:28.870 --> 02:18:30.620 you know, we should expect that we're going 02:18:30.620 --> 02:18:32.813 to be a pretty substantial portion of that. 02:18:34.560 --> 02:18:35.663 Next slide, please. 02:18:36.800 --> 02:18:38.580 So, just a few principles here. 02:18:38.580 --> 02:18:40.260 I think, you know, 02:18:40.260 --> 02:18:43.530 when we think about the overall market, 02:18:43.530 --> 02:18:47.770 I kinda like to think of it as, you know, 02:18:47.770 --> 02:18:52.230 metaphorically like a symphony orchestra that we have here, 02:18:52.230 --> 02:18:54.840 Texas has a wide range of technologies that have something 02:18:54.840 --> 02:18:56.640 to offer in the market. 02:18:56.640 --> 02:19:00.830 And so, you know, whether it's brass, woodwinds, 02:19:00.830 --> 02:19:01.880 or percussion, right? 02:19:01.880 --> 02:19:04.660 It's all, everybody playing together 02:19:04.660 --> 02:19:08.520 that ultimately, you know, delivers the performance 02:19:08.520 --> 02:19:11.110 and the ultimate customer experience. 02:19:11.110 --> 02:19:12.720 So, the electric system's really no different. 02:19:12.720 --> 02:19:16.430 We should be striving to move policies forward that really, 02:19:16.430 --> 02:19:18.704 you know, get the best out of the technologies 02:19:18.704 --> 02:19:22.380 that we have and take advantage of those benefits 02:19:22.380 --> 02:19:25.930 for the benefit of all the, the system and the customers. 02:19:25.930 --> 02:19:28.960 So, you know, to that end, you know, 02:19:28.960 --> 02:19:31.570 market rules should be maximizing these opportunities 02:19:31.570 --> 02:19:34.120 for technologies to provide services 02:19:34.120 --> 02:19:36.570 in accordance with the technical capabilities, 02:19:36.570 --> 02:19:40.130 but we shouldn't be pitting technologies against each other. 02:19:40.130 --> 02:19:43.690 We would recommend the ERCOT, you know, 02:19:43.690 --> 02:19:47.680 when it's thinking about ancillary services and potentially, 02:19:47.680 --> 02:19:52.140 you know, future ancillary service changes really, you know, 02:19:52.140 --> 02:19:53.520 first set clear guidance 02:19:53.520 --> 02:19:56.830 for what is the actual service that's needed, 02:19:56.830 --> 02:19:59.650 and then develop the qualifications to meet those needs. 02:19:59.650 --> 02:20:01.940 And, you know, be really agnostic 02:20:01.940 --> 02:20:05.680 as to what kind of technology can provide the service. 02:20:05.680 --> 02:20:09.410 Market rule should always foster innovation, 02:20:09.410 --> 02:20:11.500 ensuring that we allow a wide range 02:20:11.500 --> 02:20:13.453 of business models to participate. 02:20:14.360 --> 02:20:18.270 Customers in all customer classes should have opportunities 02:20:18.270 --> 02:20:20.140 to participate in wholesale markets, 02:20:20.140 --> 02:20:23.850 whether individually or as part of an aggregation, 02:20:23.850 --> 02:20:27.110 and they should be compensated for those contributions 02:20:27.110 --> 02:20:28.710 that they provide to the market. 02:20:29.570 --> 02:20:33.130 You know, we talked, we've talked about how, 02:20:33.130 --> 02:20:35.190 you know, there's a lot of emphasis on supply, 02:20:35.190 --> 02:20:37.470 but demand is really half the equation. 02:20:37.470 --> 02:20:38.580 The part of the problem we had 02:20:38.580 --> 02:20:41.930 back in winter storm Uri was just this humongous demand 02:20:41.930 --> 02:20:44.592 on the system at a time, you know, 02:20:44.592 --> 02:20:47.360 when we didn't have adequate supply and it was just, 02:20:47.360 --> 02:20:48.430 it all ties together. 02:20:48.430 --> 02:20:50.760 So, it's half the equation. 02:20:50.760 --> 02:20:52.540 We need to be addressing the demand side, 02:20:52.540 --> 02:20:54.710 as well as the supply side. 02:20:54.710 --> 02:20:56.770 Not all of that demand is inelastic. 02:20:56.770 --> 02:21:01.770 It's not just a vertical demand curve, 02:21:02.020 --> 02:21:04.970 but in fact, some folks are going to be willing 02:21:04.970 --> 02:21:09.170 to modify their behavior based on market signals. 02:21:09.170 --> 02:21:10.087 If we've got the prices, you know, 02:21:10.087 --> 02:21:12.630 the price signals have to be there. 02:21:12.630 --> 02:21:14.960 And finally, we should be, 02:21:14.960 --> 02:21:16.270 when we're thinking about market rules, 02:21:16.270 --> 02:21:19.460 we should really harmonize the retail 02:21:19.460 --> 02:21:20.810 and wholesale use cases 02:21:20.810 --> 02:21:23.800 to maximize the value to customers 02:21:23.800 --> 02:21:25.490 and the system as a whole. 02:21:25.490 --> 02:21:26.870 So, what I'm getting at there is, you know, 02:21:26.870 --> 02:21:30.740 we've got sort of local value, you know, 02:21:30.740 --> 02:21:34.240 I may have at my house, but you know, 02:21:34.240 --> 02:21:36.370 the grid could also get value from that. 02:21:36.370 --> 02:21:38.590 So, let's make sure that the rules allow 02:21:38.590 --> 02:21:40.650 for that to really take place. 02:21:40.650 --> 02:21:41.773 Next slide, please. 02:21:43.200 --> 02:21:48.080 So, I wanted to just throw out here a couple of use cases 02:21:48.080 --> 02:21:51.400 for DER just to kind of help, you know, 02:21:51.400 --> 02:21:53.990 paint a picture for what the opportunity is here. 02:21:53.990 --> 02:21:56.850 So, you know, diving into the first one, 02:21:56.850 --> 02:21:59.510 electric school buses, you can also think of this 02:21:59.510 --> 02:22:02.960 as a kind of more frequently dispatched DER. 02:22:02.960 --> 02:22:06.130 And so, the distinction there is really kind of compared 02:22:06.130 --> 02:22:08.480 to old school demand response, right? 02:22:08.480 --> 02:22:13.270 Where, you know, maybe it just gets dispatched once a year. 02:22:13.270 --> 02:22:18.010 So, the distinction here is electric school buses could be 02:22:18.010 --> 02:22:19.990 dispatched much more frequently, like, you know, 02:22:19.990 --> 02:22:21.990 it's battery storage. 02:22:21.990 --> 02:22:26.990 And so, you know, as battery costs are declining, 02:22:27.730 --> 02:22:29.430 we're going to see, more adoption 02:22:29.430 --> 02:22:31.830 of these electric school buses. 02:22:31.830 --> 02:22:34.860 By way of example, up in Maryland, 02:22:34.860 --> 02:22:39.490 Montgomery County has just entered into a contract 02:22:39.490 --> 02:22:43.820 for 1,400 electric school buses. 02:22:43.820 --> 02:22:47.380 As you can see here, you know, 02:22:47.380 --> 02:22:50.660 there are 480,000 school buses 02:22:50.660 --> 02:22:53.550 that are on the road in the U.S. 02:22:53.550 --> 02:22:54.850 We are the number one state 02:22:54.850 --> 02:22:57.677 with more than 10% of the school buses 02:22:57.677 --> 02:22:59.100 that are on the road. 02:22:59.100 --> 02:23:03.160 So, you know, that gives you a feel 02:23:03.160 --> 02:23:07.343 for like how much DER potential there really is here. 02:23:07.343 --> 02:23:10.233 Everman ISD, up in Fort Worth, 02:23:10.233 --> 02:23:13.360 has purchased some electric school buses. 02:23:13.360 --> 02:23:17.540 They're piloting it, very excited about what they're seeing 02:23:17.540 --> 02:23:20.780 in terms of the value to the school district. 02:23:20.780 --> 02:23:21.730 But, you know, right now, 02:23:21.730 --> 02:23:25.640 they're not able to deliver that value back 02:23:25.640 --> 02:23:29.490 to the rest of the grid that would benefit all of us. 02:23:29.490 --> 02:23:33.390 So, you know, the thing about school buses 02:23:33.390 --> 02:23:36.090 in particular is that, 02:23:36.090 --> 02:23:38.990 you know, they'll transport students. 02:23:38.990 --> 02:23:42.189 And then once those school routes are done, you know, 02:23:42.189 --> 02:23:45.050 it's late afternoon, evening. 02:23:45.050 --> 02:23:48.880 That is a prime time, especially on summer afternoons, 02:23:48.880 --> 02:23:52.060 when, you know, maybe they haven't had to do a run at all. 02:23:52.060 --> 02:23:56.700 They're just a resource waiting to be tapped into, you know, 02:23:56.700 --> 02:23:59.720 to address those peak demand situations that we run into 02:23:59.720 --> 02:24:02.560 when we hit those $9,000 prices. 02:24:02.560 --> 02:24:04.890 So, a good opportunity there, 02:24:04.890 --> 02:24:06.490 let's move, next slide (coughs). 02:24:09.210 --> 02:24:10.910 I won't go over all of this in detail, 02:24:10.910 --> 02:24:14.290 but 'cause I know we're short on time, 02:24:14.290 --> 02:24:16.833 but essentially, this is just demonstrating that, you know, 02:24:16.833 --> 02:24:18.930 when we refer to retail services here, 02:24:18.930 --> 02:24:20.480 you can think of it as that kind of local, 02:24:20.480 --> 02:24:24.330 it could be a benefit to the customer themselves, 02:24:24.330 --> 02:24:28.550 or it could be also a value 02:24:28.550 --> 02:24:31.200 to the local distribution utility. 02:24:31.200 --> 02:24:32.300 Y'all will recall 02:24:32.300 --> 02:24:37.300 that the legislature passed SB 415 this session, 02:24:37.670 --> 02:24:41.930 which would allow for battery storage in particular 02:24:41.930 --> 02:24:44.630 to be used to avoid 02:24:44.630 --> 02:24:47.750 or defer distribution system investments. 02:24:47.750 --> 02:24:50.823 So, that's the kind of value that we're talking about here. 02:24:52.790 --> 02:24:57.790 So, historically, you know, we've had, 02:25:00.420 --> 02:25:02.070 demand response that's kind of, you know, 02:25:02.070 --> 02:25:06.310 it's really a reduction in load, right? 02:25:06.310 --> 02:25:11.310 But where we can take this going forward is to really think 02:25:11.400 --> 02:25:14.250 about it more as a virtual power plant, 02:25:14.250 --> 02:25:17.090 being able to aggregate, you know, 02:25:17.090 --> 02:25:21.140 across the system or in a, you know, a local area, 02:25:21.140 --> 02:25:23.170 multiple assets, and then, 02:25:23.170 --> 02:25:28.170 and have those multiple assets deliver back to the system. 02:25:29.180 --> 02:25:34.180 That is a significant opportunity that is still untapped. 02:25:36.190 --> 02:25:38.083 Let's move to the next slide, please. 02:25:39.540 --> 02:25:41.660 Another use case, 02:25:41.660 --> 02:25:46.660 this is behind the meter solar plus storage, 02:25:46.710 --> 02:25:49.290 or you could have individual just, 02:25:49.290 --> 02:25:51.080 you could have just storage, 02:25:51.080 --> 02:25:54.760 whether that's like a Tesla power wall, for example, 02:25:54.760 --> 02:25:58.483 or if it's a electric vehicle at the home. 02:25:59.400 --> 02:26:02.610 There, this is an area where, you know, 02:26:02.610 --> 02:26:04.330 there's definitely increasing interest 02:26:04.330 --> 02:26:06.140 in this kind of local solution. 02:26:06.140 --> 02:26:07.610 I mean, you heard stories 02:26:07.610 --> 02:26:11.030 actually back during the winter storm of folks 02:26:11.030 --> 02:26:15.320 who had a solar plus storage solution at their homes 02:26:15.320 --> 02:26:18.740 and they were able to stay up and running for multiple days. 02:26:18.740 --> 02:26:20.390 Yeah, so there you go, Pat would. 02:26:21.840 --> 02:26:23.910 Even while the whole neighborhood was out. Right? 02:26:23.910 --> 02:26:27.210 So, I think based on that experience, 02:26:27.210 --> 02:26:32.060 we would expect an increase in interest from customers 02:26:32.060 --> 02:26:36.230 in investing in these and, you know, 02:26:36.230 --> 02:26:38.363 similar to the school bus example, 02:26:39.850 --> 02:26:42.620 EV penetration, also going to be increasing. 02:26:42.620 --> 02:26:45.080 You've probably seen the advertisements 02:26:45.080 --> 02:26:47.190 from Ford on their F-150. 02:26:47.190 --> 02:26:49.230 They are explicitly marketing it 02:26:49.230 --> 02:26:53.253 as a backup power solution for folks' homes. 02:26:54.390 --> 02:26:59.153 So, these are, this is another one where, you know, 02:27:03.860 --> 02:27:08.580 we'll be able to have these solar plus storage systems 02:27:08.580 --> 02:27:09.850 that right now, 02:27:09.850 --> 02:27:14.387 they are simply just providing these local solutions, 02:27:16.360 --> 02:27:21.360 but we should affirmatively work to have them be injecting 02:27:22.410 --> 02:27:27.410 into the system in these, you know, these aggregations of, 02:27:28.250 --> 02:27:31.230 you know, as this virtual power plant concept. 02:27:31.230 --> 02:27:32.363 Next slide, please. 02:27:34.750 --> 02:27:35.583 So, again, just you know, 02:27:35.583 --> 02:27:36.753 some of the examples again, 02:27:36.753 --> 02:27:38.890 when we think about the retail services, 02:27:38.890 --> 02:27:41.480 I mean, local or some value potentially 02:27:41.480 --> 02:27:43.940 to a local distribution company, 02:27:43.940 --> 02:27:46.580 and then, you know, on the wholesale side, 02:27:46.580 --> 02:27:48.470 there's all those, you know, 02:27:48.470 --> 02:27:50.833 variety of services that could be provided. 02:27:52.340 --> 02:27:54.330 When you get down to customers, 02:27:54.330 --> 02:27:57.223 like particularly residential customers, 02:27:58.350 --> 02:28:02.620 you know, we'll need to think about how does it work 02:28:02.620 --> 02:28:05.050 also from those retail types of rules 02:28:05.050 --> 02:28:08.060 and making sure that it's not overly complex 02:28:08.060 --> 02:28:12.830 for customers to be able to participate in markets. 02:28:12.830 --> 02:28:13.663 In some cases, you know, 02:28:13.663 --> 02:28:16.160 it may be a rep or a third party provider 02:28:16.160 --> 02:28:19.080 that will likely take care of a lot of, you know, 02:28:19.080 --> 02:28:22.850 take away that friction from customers, but, you know, 02:28:22.850 --> 02:28:26.070 there could be a variety of business models that really, 02:28:26.070 --> 02:28:27.370 you know, bring that home. 02:28:28.650 --> 02:28:33.155 So, when we're thinking about the kinds of market barriers 02:28:33.155 --> 02:28:36.410 that, you know, need to be considered, 02:28:36.410 --> 02:28:40.593 and as ancillary services continue to be modified over time, 02:28:41.580 --> 02:28:43.250 historically, one of the things 02:28:43.250 --> 02:28:46.131 that's come up over and over is really trying 02:28:46.131 --> 02:28:50.900 to strike the right balance between what is the data 02:28:50.900 --> 02:28:55.520 or transparency that ERCOT may need 02:28:55.520 --> 02:29:00.520 to have an idea of what's going on with a resource, but, 02:29:01.350 --> 02:29:03.540 you know, if they put too many requirements on, 02:29:03.540 --> 02:29:07.540 in terms of telemetry and, you know, data requirements, 02:29:07.540 --> 02:29:11.600 it can become too costly for somebody to be able 02:29:11.600 --> 02:29:14.270 to justify going down that path. 02:29:14.270 --> 02:29:17.150 So, we need to just be mindful of that. 02:29:17.150 --> 02:29:18.830 And, you know, only again, 02:29:18.830 --> 02:29:21.340 sort of think about what do you really need? 02:29:21.340 --> 02:29:24.433 And then, you know, address that, 02:29:24.433 --> 02:29:26.870 just exactly what you need and nothing more, 02:29:26.870 --> 02:29:30.310 otherwise it just becomes cost prohibitive. 02:29:30.310 --> 02:29:35.310 So, these are just a couple of examples 02:29:36.540 --> 02:29:38.580 that I've put forth just to give an idea 02:29:38.580 --> 02:29:40.950 of where DERs could go. 02:29:40.950 --> 02:29:45.790 But I just wanted to mention that, in 2019, 02:29:45.790 --> 02:29:49.670 we Commissioned a study from a consulting firm 02:29:49.670 --> 02:29:52.810 that has expertise in distributed energy resources 02:29:52.810 --> 02:29:54.220 and valuing them. 02:29:54.220 --> 02:29:58.483 And we asked them to answer the question, 02:29:59.350 --> 02:30:02.110 how much money is left on the table in Texas, 02:30:02.110 --> 02:30:05.230 if these DERs that are out there already 02:30:05.230 --> 02:30:10.010 on the system can't be integrated fully? 02:30:10.010 --> 02:30:13.730 And what they came back with was, you know, 02:30:13.730 --> 02:30:15.593 just the 1,000, you know, 02:30:15.593 --> 02:30:19.403 1,000 megawatts that's out there right now already on homes, 02:30:20.420 --> 02:30:25.420 that it's a $5.47 billion value over 10 years 02:30:26.530 --> 02:30:31.240 from part of it being wholesale market value, 02:30:31.240 --> 02:30:34.670 about $3 plus billion on wholesale market value, 02:30:34.670 --> 02:30:37.250 being able to inject in those high price times, 02:30:37.250 --> 02:30:41.430 and then another, roughly $2.5 billion 02:30:41.430 --> 02:30:44.980 in terms of those non-wire solutions deferring 02:30:44.980 --> 02:30:48.110 or avoiding local distribution costs. 02:30:48.110 --> 02:30:51.787 And that data that was used to put together that study was, 02:30:51.787 --> 02:30:54.080 you know, the report was in 2019, 02:30:54.080 --> 02:30:58.580 it was before we started hitting all these $9,000 prices 02:30:58.580 --> 02:31:00.430 on a more regular basis. 02:31:00.430 --> 02:31:02.500 So after winter storm Uri, 02:31:02.500 --> 02:31:06.930 I think it is definitely safe to say that the number 02:31:06.930 --> 02:31:10.500 that was in that report substantially understates 02:31:10.500 --> 02:31:14.263 the value that Texas would gain through DERs. 02:31:15.370 --> 02:31:18.291 So, I'll stop there with my opening remarks 02:31:18.291 --> 02:31:21.473 and pass it on. 02:31:23.130 --> 02:31:28.023 Has there been any analysis done on, again, 02:31:29.720 --> 02:31:31.440 what your technologies, 02:31:31.440 --> 02:31:35.510 your suite of technologies bring to the table is the ability 02:31:35.510 --> 02:31:40.390 to concentrate distributed generation and aggregate it 02:31:40.390 --> 02:31:42.660 in clusters around the state 02:31:42.660 --> 02:31:47.130 and throw an immense amount of power back onto the wires. 02:31:47.130 --> 02:31:48.560 Now, again, this is going to be coming 02:31:48.560 --> 02:31:50.700 from a series of neighborhoods 02:31:50.700 --> 02:31:54.513 and facilities that traditionally have been net, 02:31:56.330 --> 02:31:58.250 they suck power, you know, 02:31:58.250 --> 02:32:01.440 to kind of copy an old Navy engineer I once heard 02:32:01.440 --> 02:32:02.273 about this, I mean, 02:32:02.273 --> 02:32:07.120 they're constantly pulling power off the system, but again, 02:32:08.040 --> 02:32:11.750 the transmission infrastructure around those areas, 02:32:11.750 --> 02:32:15.890 it's not a, I mean, this is a distribution system as well. 02:32:15.890 --> 02:32:20.200 And so, it's not wired like the industrials, you know, 02:32:20.200 --> 02:32:23.130 refineries, it's not wired like a power plant, 02:32:23.130 --> 02:32:25.430 so, it's not a net off-taker right 02:32:25.430 --> 02:32:27.640 from the transmission system right there. 02:32:27.640 --> 02:32:30.730 So, have we done some analysis on what we need 02:32:30.730 --> 02:32:32.450 to be considering moving forward 02:32:32.450 --> 02:32:35.370 in our transmission and distribution planning 02:32:35.370 --> 02:32:38.630 to account for this type of resource 02:32:41.210 --> 02:32:43.763 and in these different parts of the state? 02:32:44.601 --> 02:32:46.450 What do we need to be accounting for 02:32:46.450 --> 02:32:48.250 at the Commission level? 02:32:48.250 --> 02:32:51.280 And then there's the cost, you know, which is always there. 02:32:51.280 --> 02:32:54.660 So, Katie'll get up and talk about all that in a minute, 02:32:54.660 --> 02:32:57.513 but what analysis has been done? 02:32:59.620 --> 02:33:02.120 So, I'm not aware of a, you know, 02:33:02.120 --> 02:33:05.010 specific analysis looking at, you know, 02:33:05.010 --> 02:33:06.860 what does Texas need to do? 02:33:06.860 --> 02:33:10.690 If everybody throws their Ford F-150s in my neighborhood, 02:33:10.690 --> 02:33:13.410 in Cedar Park onto the grid. 02:33:13.410 --> 02:33:14.243 Right. At, so, you know, 02:33:14.243 --> 02:33:16.653 Cedar Park's not accustomed to that. 02:33:17.640 --> 02:33:21.680 Well, the individual distribution utilities are 02:33:21.680 --> 02:33:22.680 always looking at this. 02:33:22.680 --> 02:33:24.780 They're, you know, they're looking five, 10 years out. 02:33:24.780 --> 02:33:27.150 And then they're also looking, you know, 02:33:27.150 --> 02:33:29.600 a more granular level at, you know, 02:33:29.600 --> 02:33:32.060 one year out, for example. 02:33:32.060 --> 02:33:37.060 But I would suggest that the Commission would, 02:33:38.650 --> 02:33:42.840 we would all benefit if perhaps through the implementation 02:33:42.840 --> 02:33:45.890 of SB 415, when you start looking at, you know, 02:33:45.890 --> 02:33:49.460 how do non-wire solutions, you know, 02:33:49.460 --> 02:33:51.460 how are they brought into the, 02:33:51.460 --> 02:33:54.540 that distribution planning process? 02:33:54.540 --> 02:33:56.870 You know, having some additional transparency 02:33:56.870 --> 02:33:59.600 around what that process is, 02:33:59.600 --> 02:34:04.600 and then how distribution or DER providers, you know, 02:34:05.240 --> 02:34:09.010 can contribute to that because you can, you know, 02:34:09.010 --> 02:34:12.730 you could have a situation where maybe people cluster 02:34:12.730 --> 02:34:14.990 or the assets cluster in one place, 02:34:14.990 --> 02:34:17.120 but if you've got the right price signals 02:34:17.120 --> 02:34:21.190 and information on where would it be most advantageous 02:34:21.190 --> 02:34:24.030 to the utility in terms of, you know, 02:34:24.030 --> 02:34:29.030 reducing sort of local congestion, if you will, 02:34:29.417 --> 02:34:31.960 or local capacity constraints 02:34:31.960 --> 02:34:34.040 that the distribution utility has, it, 02:34:34.040 --> 02:34:37.230 these are all technologies that provide a benefit 02:34:37.230 --> 02:34:39.883 to utility, you know, if we do it right. 02:34:39.883 --> 02:34:42.610 So, that's what I would suggest is 02:34:42.610 --> 02:34:47.030 that we should definitely have a more transparent process. 02:34:47.030 --> 02:34:48.380 Right now, it's just a black box. 02:34:48.380 --> 02:34:50.113 Utilities do their thing. 02:34:51.030 --> 02:34:52.440 In terms of distribution planning, 02:34:52.440 --> 02:34:54.330 everybody else doesn't really have any insight 02:34:54.330 --> 02:34:56.790 into what that is, what the, you know, 02:34:56.790 --> 02:35:00.790 where the most advantageous places would be 02:35:00.790 --> 02:35:02.590 for these resources to locate. 02:35:02.590 --> 02:35:05.280 But given what you're seeing in terms of your group 02:35:05.280 --> 02:35:07.540 and the technologies that are coming on, 02:35:07.540 --> 02:35:10.640 it seems like DER could be a ubiquitous source 02:35:10.640 --> 02:35:13.760 of power production in the very near future. 02:35:13.760 --> 02:35:17.100 And currently, the ERCOT planning process does not drill 02:35:17.100 --> 02:35:20.090 down to that degree of specificity to include that, 02:35:20.090 --> 02:35:22.950 for us, with the TDUs for our approval 02:35:22.950 --> 02:35:26.530 and rate cases or anything else at the wholesale level. 02:35:26.530 --> 02:35:28.210 Right, I mean, ERCOT, 02:35:28.210 --> 02:35:31.380 they look at transmission, right? 02:35:31.380 --> 02:35:33.670 And so, there's kind of like almost a line, 02:35:33.670 --> 02:35:35.160 like beyond that line, 02:35:35.160 --> 02:35:38.050 it's the local distribution utilities 02:35:38.050 --> 02:35:39.280 and only they would, 02:35:39.280 --> 02:35:42.900 only they know what's going on in their specific areas. 02:35:42.900 --> 02:35:45.520 Like I said, it's like a black box to everybody else. 02:35:45.520 --> 02:35:46.353 Okay. 02:35:46.353 --> 02:35:51.300 So, just to kind of dovetail from Will. 02:35:51.300 --> 02:35:52.343 So, I think, you know, 02:35:52.343 --> 02:35:55.107 what you're generally saying is there's definitely a lot 02:35:55.107 --> 02:35:59.100 of potential on the demand side of the equation 02:35:59.100 --> 02:36:00.130 with demand response 02:36:00.130 --> 02:36:03.660 and distributed energy resources and DG 02:36:03.660 --> 02:36:06.640 and ERCOT right now doesn't have, well, 02:36:06.640 --> 02:36:09.060 it doesn't have visibility into the distribution network. 02:36:09.060 --> 02:36:13.060 They operate at the high level, transmission line level. 02:36:13.060 --> 02:36:17.760 And while ERCOT has taken a lot of steps to integrate, 02:36:17.760 --> 02:36:20.740 register and integrate DERs into the market 02:36:20.740 --> 02:36:22.053 this last year, 02:36:23.445 --> 02:36:26.130 there's still some actions that could be taken 02:36:26.130 --> 02:36:28.180 to further integrate these resources 02:36:28.180 --> 02:36:31.553 and capture value from these resources in the future. 02:36:33.010 --> 02:36:35.450 You know, I, there's been a lot of discussion on, 02:36:35.450 --> 02:36:39.480 you know, or observations that consumers should be paid 02:36:39.480 --> 02:36:41.030 for conserving energy, 02:36:41.030 --> 02:36:43.323 your demand response, like other loads. 02:36:44.450 --> 02:36:45.810 That's something that I think, you know, 02:36:45.810 --> 02:36:47.920 has gotten a lot of attention. 02:36:47.920 --> 02:36:50.407 And, you know, one thing that I think, 02:36:50.407 --> 02:36:52.250 you know, 'cause I've been sort of thinking 02:36:52.250 --> 02:36:53.383 about these issues, 02:36:54.340 --> 02:36:55.640 you know, how do we, 02:36:55.640 --> 02:36:57.210 how does ERCOT gain more visibility 02:36:57.210 --> 02:36:59.930 into the distribution network? 02:36:59.930 --> 02:37:01.320 I mean, right now, 02:37:01.320 --> 02:37:02.780 they have, for what I understand, 02:37:02.780 --> 02:37:06.950 only 100 megawatts of solar DG on the system. 02:37:06.950 --> 02:37:09.820 There's about 550 megawatts of storage 02:37:09.820 --> 02:37:13.440 and with like maybe about 1,700 in the queue. 02:37:13.440 --> 02:37:16.680 So, we are seeing increase, right? 02:37:16.680 --> 02:37:19.520 But not a tremendous explosion to warrant, 02:37:19.520 --> 02:37:24.520 perhaps, the distribution ISO model that would have like, 02:37:24.847 --> 02:37:27.470 you know, little mini ISOs throughout the state 02:37:27.470 --> 02:37:29.980 that would be on the distribution network 02:37:29.980 --> 02:37:32.100 to feed ERCOT that information. 02:37:32.100 --> 02:37:33.810 So right now, we largely rely 02:37:33.810 --> 02:37:36.520 on the distribution service providers 02:37:36.520 --> 02:37:38.370 to provide that information to ERCOT, 02:37:39.390 --> 02:37:43.580 to be able to garner some of that, you know, 02:37:43.580 --> 02:37:45.720 visibility and potential benefits 02:37:45.720 --> 02:37:48.530 that we can get from these resources 02:37:48.530 --> 02:37:50.020 on the distribution network. 02:37:50.020 --> 02:37:51.660 So, that's kind of the way I envision 02:37:51.660 --> 02:37:52.780 sort of the way it is right now, 02:37:52.780 --> 02:37:57.020 the state of the state of DERs, the actions ERCOT's taken, 02:37:57.020 --> 02:37:58.620 the visibility they have, 02:37:58.620 --> 02:38:00.850 further, you know, steps that could be taken 02:38:00.850 --> 02:38:03.160 to gain visibility. 02:38:03.160 --> 02:38:06.080 How can ERCOT get visibility now to kind of, you know, 02:38:06.080 --> 02:38:08.950 capture the benefit from these resources? 02:38:08.950 --> 02:38:11.453 But then to Will's point about cost, 02:38:12.623 --> 02:38:14.750 it's a very valid sort of segue into this. 02:38:14.750 --> 02:38:16.780 As, you know, as he was I think saying 02:38:16.780 --> 02:38:18.820 that the distribution network is built the way it is 02:38:18.820 --> 02:38:21.280 right now, and as you have more and more 02:38:21.280 --> 02:38:25.490 of these DERs on the system, you may hear from some 02:38:25.490 --> 02:38:27.710 of the distribution service providers state that, 02:38:27.710 --> 02:38:30.527 you know, these adding, added costs to the system 02:38:30.527 --> 02:38:32.600 and how do we, as a Commission, the back end, 02:38:32.600 --> 02:38:35.280 while we want to capture the benefit of DERs, 02:38:35.280 --> 02:38:40.280 how do we in the future ensure that when TDUs, 02:38:41.490 --> 02:38:42.940 distribution service providers, they come in, 02:38:42.940 --> 02:38:44.880 basically for rate cases, 02:38:44.880 --> 02:38:46.140 how do we allocate those costs? 02:38:46.140 --> 02:38:48.060 Because the distribution service costs are 02:38:48.060 --> 02:38:51.310 typically allocated to residential consumers, 02:38:51.310 --> 02:38:52.360 small business, I guess. 02:38:52.360 --> 02:38:55.780 And so, on the back end, on the cost allocation, 02:38:55.780 --> 02:38:57.090 that's the part that, you know, 02:38:57.090 --> 02:38:59.310 we need to remain cognizant of 02:38:59.310 --> 02:39:03.660 as we have more and more DERs proliferate in the state, 02:39:03.660 --> 02:39:07.230 how not only from, you know, 02:39:07.230 --> 02:39:12.230 demand side benefit perspective, we can incent, 02:39:12.600 --> 02:39:14.970 you know, participation and integration, 02:39:14.970 --> 02:39:17.250 but also be mindful of the cost impacts 02:39:17.250 --> 02:39:21.320 that these resources will have on the system 02:39:21.320 --> 02:39:24.680 and ultimately on consumers. 02:39:24.680 --> 02:39:26.720 I mean, I think we sort of alluded to this 02:39:26.720 --> 02:39:29.650 in the EV discussion back about two years ago, right? 02:39:29.650 --> 02:39:32.440 As you have more EV added to the system, 02:39:32.440 --> 02:39:33.990 we certainly want to have, you know, 02:39:33.990 --> 02:39:36.310 the technology proliferate in the state, 02:39:36.310 --> 02:39:39.090 but as you have more EVs charging stations added 02:39:39.090 --> 02:39:40.440 to distribution systems, 02:39:40.440 --> 02:39:43.070 then who's going to pay at the end of the day? 02:39:43.070 --> 02:39:45.170 So, these are just to kind of, 02:39:45.170 --> 02:39:47.950 really, my whole point is, as a Commission, 02:39:47.950 --> 02:39:52.370 we've got to look at the broader picture of how do we work 02:39:52.370 --> 02:39:55.110 to integrate these technologies 02:39:55.110 --> 02:39:56.400 that could be very beneficial, 02:39:56.400 --> 02:40:00.720 but also being mindful of any cost impacts down the road 02:40:00.720 --> 02:40:05.090 as they come to us in various forums, like rate cases? 02:40:06.830 --> 02:40:08.280 And here's another thought. 02:40:09.820 --> 02:40:14.740 So, you're going to need to go through a queasy kind of 02:40:14.740 --> 02:40:15.880 to operate in ERCOT. 02:40:15.880 --> 02:40:17.860 Ultimately, once everybody aggregates together, 02:40:17.860 --> 02:40:19.010 everybody's Ford F-150 02:40:20.110 --> 02:40:21.500 and then you're going to go through 02:40:21.500 --> 02:40:25.110 in a competitive area through your retail electric provider. 02:40:25.110 --> 02:40:28.630 And so, then NRG or Vistra, 02:40:28.630 --> 02:40:32.633 who collectively have 80% of the retail electric market, 02:40:33.676 --> 02:40:38.676 70 to 80, then are producing power through their rep 02:40:39.810 --> 02:40:41.280 and putting that back on the market 02:40:41.280 --> 02:40:43.080 through everybody's Ford F-150s. 02:40:43.080 --> 02:40:46.820 In the meantime, they have a generation fleet, 02:40:46.820 --> 02:40:50.120 which is under cost pressure from all this stuff. 02:40:50.120 --> 02:40:52.970 So yeah, 02:40:52.970 --> 02:40:54.470 it's going to brave new world. (Peter speaks indistinctly) 02:40:54.470 --> 02:40:56.110 No, that's right. 02:40:56.110 --> 02:40:58.020 Well, and first of all, 02:40:58.020 --> 02:41:00.547 back to Commissioner Cobos' point, 02:41:02.640 --> 02:41:05.270 we need to make sure that we all keep in mind 02:41:05.270 --> 02:41:10.270 that there are costs and benefits. 02:41:11.020 --> 02:41:14.750 So, it's not strictly that these are putting more costs 02:41:14.750 --> 02:41:15.583 on the system. 02:41:15.583 --> 02:41:16.570 They're also providing benefits 02:41:16.570 --> 02:41:17.403 to the system. Suzanne, this is 02:41:17.403 --> 02:41:18.810 a good thing, don't get me wrong. 02:41:18.810 --> 02:41:19.643 Yeah. You know, 02:41:19.643 --> 02:41:21.003 this is a good thing, you have a good thing going. 02:41:21.003 --> 02:41:22.027 And that's all I'm trying to highlight is 02:41:22.027 --> 02:41:23.660 there are costs and benefits. Right. 02:41:23.660 --> 02:41:26.060 And we as a Commission need to be mindful of all of them 02:41:26.060 --> 02:41:29.140 while, you know, looking for specific ways 02:41:29.140 --> 02:41:32.530 from some of the distribution, the DERs, 02:41:32.530 --> 02:41:34.750 on ways that we can, like you suggested, 02:41:34.750 --> 02:41:35.650 how can we do that? 02:41:35.650 --> 02:41:37.400 How can we fold them in, 02:41:37.400 --> 02:41:39.460 these resources into these various markets 02:41:39.460 --> 02:41:40.820 in a way that makes sense? 02:41:40.820 --> 02:41:42.830 I mean, we certainly want to, you know, 02:41:42.830 --> 02:41:44.820 encourage the potential, but as a Commission, 02:41:44.820 --> 02:41:46.080 we've got to look at the whole picture 02:41:46.080 --> 02:41:49.450 and just wanted to highlight that, in some cases, you know, 02:41:49.450 --> 02:41:51.220 in the not too distant future, 02:41:51.220 --> 02:41:53.110 we may be hearing from some 02:41:53.110 --> 02:41:54.840 of the distribution service providers 02:41:54.840 --> 02:41:59.840 as we have a rapid increase or rush from these DERs 02:41:59.860 --> 02:42:01.510 that want to connect. Right, yeah. 02:42:01.510 --> 02:42:04.860 100% and, you know, keep in mind also, 02:42:04.860 --> 02:42:08.350 customers are already incurring these costs 02:42:08.350 --> 02:42:11.700 on their own dime to put these, you know, 02:42:11.700 --> 02:42:14.147 on their rooftops. Right, some customers. 02:42:14.147 --> 02:42:14.980 Yes. 02:42:14.980 --> 02:42:17.590 Yeah, so it's, you know, 02:42:17.590 --> 02:42:21.610 still a small number relatively, but they're, 02:42:21.610 --> 02:42:23.010 you know, incurring those costs 02:42:23.010 --> 02:42:27.230 for their own personal resilience and reliability. 02:42:27.230 --> 02:42:29.320 And, you know, part of the point is that 02:42:29.320 --> 02:42:33.140 that is just an asset that's out there 02:42:34.040 --> 02:42:37.640 that's available to us collectively as a, 02:42:37.640 --> 02:42:38.940 you know, overall system. 02:42:38.940 --> 02:42:40.118 And so we need to make sure 02:42:40.118 --> 02:42:44.660 that we're putting the rules in place that would allow 02:42:44.660 --> 02:42:47.890 for the system to get the benefit from that too, 02:42:47.890 --> 02:42:51.370 which will lower costs for the local distribution utility, 02:42:51.370 --> 02:42:52.680 if you do it right. 02:42:52.680 --> 02:42:55.820 And we, I mean, the not you directly, 02:42:55.820 --> 02:42:59.300 but if we all do it right, and have, you know, 02:42:59.300 --> 02:43:00.840 all the transparency we need 02:43:00.840 --> 02:43:05.820 and also to Commissioner McAdams' point, 02:43:05.820 --> 02:43:09.070 it may be the reps who, you know, do this, 02:43:09.070 --> 02:43:10.600 but they're also, you know, 02:43:10.600 --> 02:43:12.890 you could have totally different business models. 02:43:12.890 --> 02:43:13.736 There could be competition for that. 02:43:13.736 --> 02:43:14.730 Absolutely. Right. 02:43:14.730 --> 02:43:17.160 It's a, you know, there's third party providers. 02:43:17.160 --> 02:43:20.150 What you're seeing more is also this kind of energy 02:43:20.150 --> 02:43:22.840 as a service as a concept or school bus as a service, 02:43:22.840 --> 02:43:23.800 even, where you could have Right. 02:43:23.800 --> 02:43:26.340 Somebody come in and you know, 02:43:26.340 --> 02:43:30.680 just sell, you know, school buses, traveling on a route 02:43:30.680 --> 02:43:31.750 to a school district. 02:43:31.750 --> 02:43:33.005 And then that third party takes care 02:43:33.005 --> 02:43:34.870 of all of the technical issues. 02:43:34.870 --> 02:43:37.740 Oh no, I'm going back to my days when TASB, 02:43:37.740 --> 02:43:41.100 Texas Association of School Board had a retail contract, 02:43:41.100 --> 02:43:42.670 you know, and stuff like that. 02:43:42.670 --> 02:43:43.800 So yeah, oh, it's, Right. 02:43:43.800 --> 02:43:44.633 So, yeah. It's going to be 02:43:44.633 --> 02:43:46.030 a brave new world. Definitely want to, 02:43:46.030 --> 02:43:50.400 you know, allow all of the business models that, 02:43:50.400 --> 02:43:54.290 you know, anybody can come up with that, 02:43:54.290 --> 02:43:56.790 you know, to be able to participate in the system. 02:43:56.790 --> 02:44:00.963 I would also highlight for you, Commissioner, 02:44:02.770 --> 02:44:05.230 get all these things that we're coming up with right now. 02:44:05.230 --> 02:44:07.720 And I've been approached by people asking for clarification 02:44:07.720 --> 02:44:11.210 of what we wanted in the non-ERCOT proceeding, 02:44:11.210 --> 02:44:14.650 rulemaking, on distributed energy resources. 02:44:14.650 --> 02:44:17.180 This is exactly why we need a rulemaking 02:44:17.180 --> 02:44:18.630 on the non-ERCOT stuff, 02:44:18.630 --> 02:44:22.160 because all these questions, it doesn't matter, 02:44:22.160 --> 02:44:24.580 it is beyond jurisdiction. 02:44:24.580 --> 02:44:27.560 It's applying inside of ERCOT and outside of ERCOT, 02:44:27.560 --> 02:44:29.897 how these things are going to be integrated and paid for, 02:44:29.897 --> 02:44:32.640 and the various scenarios that need to be contemplated 02:44:32.640 --> 02:44:33.680 a little bit of nuance, 02:44:33.680 --> 02:44:36.680 but ultimately, it's a new resource coming onto the system 02:44:36.680 --> 02:44:39.720 that is going to be harnessed by either a incumbent utility 02:44:39.720 --> 02:44:43.710 and sold elsewhere, but it's very technical 02:44:43.710 --> 02:44:47.180 and I am not smart enough to put pen to paper right now, 02:44:47.180 --> 02:44:50.320 but ultimately, stakeholders and staff need to start that. 02:44:50.320 --> 02:44:51.153 Well, the resources are going to be 02:44:51.153 --> 02:44:52.680 in distribution system, 02:44:52.680 --> 02:44:55.040 whether it's on a utility inside of ERCOT 02:44:55.040 --> 02:44:56.540 or outside of ERCOT, right? 02:44:56.540 --> 02:44:58.770 So, all I'm really asking is we sort of look, 02:44:58.770 --> 02:45:01.100 or I will ask is, as we sort of look into the future 02:45:01.100 --> 02:45:03.450 and look at ways to further integrate DER 02:45:03.450 --> 02:45:06.660 and capture the value that you help us try 02:45:06.660 --> 02:45:09.620 to balance these issues out so that we can do it 02:45:09.620 --> 02:45:13.560 in a cost effective, cost equitable way in the future. 02:45:13.560 --> 02:45:16.770 And as we're going to hear from the wires companies as well 02:45:16.770 --> 02:45:20.283 on their opinions and other consumers, right? 02:45:21.310 --> 02:45:24.550 To kind of help us reach that sweet spot 02:45:24.550 --> 02:45:27.480 to make it all work, because there are, there is potential, 02:45:27.480 --> 02:45:30.010 but we gotta be mindful of cost in the back end, 02:45:30.010 --> 02:45:32.660 but I'm confident that we can get somewhere 02:45:32.660 --> 02:45:35.500 in that whole discussion that strikes the right balance. 02:45:35.500 --> 02:45:38.400 Absolutely, and definitely appreciate the comment about, 02:45:38.400 --> 02:45:41.450 it's not just ERCOT, it's also non-ERCOT utilities, 02:45:41.450 --> 02:45:44.940 whether they're integrated or, you know, separated, 02:45:44.940 --> 02:45:46.110 like we've got in ERCOT. 02:45:46.110 --> 02:45:47.580 And in fact, you know, 02:45:47.580 --> 02:45:50.900 the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission has issued 02:45:50.900 --> 02:45:54.440 Order 2222 that mandates that, you know, 02:45:54.440 --> 02:45:57.820 MISO, SPP, and the other regional grids 02:45:57.820 --> 02:46:00.610 that are outside of ERCOT 02:46:00.610 --> 02:46:03.280 actually take specific steps forward 02:46:03.280 --> 02:46:04.780 to integrate these DERs. 02:46:04.780 --> 02:46:06.970 So, you know, it's happening everywhere. 02:46:06.970 --> 02:46:10.140 And so, I appreciate the, the, you know, considering, 02:46:10.140 --> 02:46:13.150 we need to consider the whole state, and not just ERCOT. 02:46:13.150 --> 02:46:15.850 Well put. All right, thank you, Suzanne. 02:46:15.850 --> 02:46:17.103 Next up, Pattern Energy. 02:46:18.120 --> 02:46:19.920 Hi. Good afternoon, Commissioners. 02:46:21.260 --> 02:46:23.030 I don't have any presentation material. 02:46:23.030 --> 02:46:24.650 So, I'm just going to go on my script right here, 02:46:24.650 --> 02:46:27.160 but the conversation this morning has been evolving. 02:46:27.160 --> 02:46:28.390 So, I'm going to try 02:46:28.390 --> 02:46:31.280 to work with the points as we go through. 02:46:31.280 --> 02:46:33.060 My name is Kara Beckmann and I'm the Director 02:46:33.060 --> 02:46:36.130 of Regulatory Compliance and Energy Policy Design 02:46:36.130 --> 02:46:37.630 for Pattern Energy. 02:46:37.630 --> 02:46:38.463 Pattern is one 02:46:38.463 --> 02:46:41.150 of the world's largest private renewable energy companies 02:46:41.150 --> 02:46:43.210 with operating development footprints 02:46:43.210 --> 02:46:45.850 in the U.S, Canada, and Japan. 02:46:45.850 --> 02:46:48.420 Our headquarters of operations are here in Houston 02:46:48.420 --> 02:46:51.190 and Pattern currently operates about one gig of wind 02:46:51.190 --> 02:46:52.160 in the ERCOT market 02:46:52.160 --> 02:46:55.420 and is a member of the Independent Generators Segment. 02:46:55.420 --> 02:46:57.330 As this is my first time in front of you all, 02:46:57.330 --> 02:46:59.890 a little bit about me, I have about over 10 years 02:46:59.890 --> 02:47:02.390 of experience in the power sector. 02:47:02.390 --> 02:47:04.480 I began on the retail electric provider side 02:47:04.480 --> 02:47:07.163 and joined the renewable movement in 2019. 02:47:08.320 --> 02:47:10.540 My materials are going to be kind of focused 02:47:10.540 --> 02:47:12.430 on ancillary services for now, 02:47:12.430 --> 02:47:15.250 but they may take a little evolution on that. 02:47:15.250 --> 02:47:17.910 According to the ERCOT protocols, as we heard today, 02:47:17.910 --> 02:47:22.200 AS is that service as necessary to support the transmission 02:47:22.200 --> 02:47:26.190 of energy to loads while maintaining reliable operations. 02:47:26.190 --> 02:47:28.058 You know, ERCOT procures AS products 02:47:28.058 --> 02:47:31.320 in an array of fashion and Pattern at this time is, 02:47:31.320 --> 02:47:34.017 you know, supportive of all different products 02:47:34.017 --> 02:47:35.755 and in order for all market participants 02:47:35.755 --> 02:47:39.511 to actively participate in the AS market. 02:47:39.511 --> 02:47:43.270 As the current fuel mix evolves, 02:47:43.270 --> 02:47:46.390 ancillary services becomes even more endemic. 02:47:46.390 --> 02:47:50.230 We want to keep those technological advancements neutral 02:47:50.230 --> 02:47:53.430 and ask the Commission and ERCOT to respect the neutrality 02:47:53.430 --> 02:47:56.570 of the evolving fuel mix as we move forward. 02:47:56.570 --> 02:47:59.870 In regards to cost distribution on ancillary services, 02:47:59.870 --> 02:48:02.300 Pattern believes those costs distribution 02:48:02.300 --> 02:48:05.880 of ancillaries should maintain and stay with load. 02:48:05.880 --> 02:48:07.440 We ask the Commission to be cautious 02:48:07.440 --> 02:48:11.151 in changing this distribution as AS, we, 02:48:11.151 --> 02:48:12.780 we ask the Commission to be cautious 02:48:12.780 --> 02:48:15.370 in changing any distribution of ancillary services 02:48:15.370 --> 02:48:17.250 to any specific generation source 02:48:17.250 --> 02:48:20.180 in order to maintain cost causation principles 02:48:20.180 --> 02:48:22.810 and avoid any discriminatory or preferential treatment 02:48:22.810 --> 02:48:23.643 by fuel type. 02:48:24.950 --> 02:48:26.870 Pattern believes all market participants should be able 02:48:26.870 --> 02:48:29.180 to participate in the ancillary market. 02:48:29.180 --> 02:48:32.290 Wind assets intrinsically provide ancillary support 02:48:32.290 --> 02:48:35.160 even if we do not bid into a product. 02:48:35.160 --> 02:48:36.620 During the interconnection process, 02:48:36.620 --> 02:48:38.940 wind assets are obligated to respond 02:48:38.940 --> 02:48:41.830 with primary frequency responses, voltage support, 02:48:41.830 --> 02:48:43.540 per ERCOT parameters. 02:48:43.540 --> 02:48:45.860 Before we get part three ERCOT testing, 02:48:45.860 --> 02:48:49.100 and to be able to go operational, our control centers have 02:48:49.100 --> 02:48:52.160 to provide these immediate frequency and voltage support 02:48:52.160 --> 02:48:55.163 as the evolving mix changes minute by minute. 02:48:56.140 --> 02:48:58.240 I've even heard of some renewable companies able 02:48:58.240 --> 02:49:00.520 to participate in the reg up product, 02:49:00.520 --> 02:49:03.720 and we hope and maintain that that's as an opportunity 02:49:03.720 --> 02:49:05.483 for future renewable development. 02:49:06.910 --> 02:49:08.610 Lastly, it would be remiss if I don't mention, 02:49:08.610 --> 02:49:11.350 there's been a lot of activity at the TAC yesterday morning 02:49:11.350 --> 02:49:16.350 and the day prior on the additional conservative approach 02:49:16.670 --> 02:49:19.960 on managing load solar and wind forecast variability 02:49:19.960 --> 02:49:22.190 by ERCOT, it's a very thankless job. 02:49:22.190 --> 02:49:25.720 And so, myself and everyone in this room are thankful 02:49:25.720 --> 02:49:27.250 for ERCOT's participation 02:49:27.250 --> 02:49:29.530 as we kind of navigate this summer. 02:49:29.530 --> 02:49:31.090 Due to the lost generation capacity 02:49:31.090 --> 02:49:33.320 from outages and forecast uncertainty, 02:49:33.320 --> 02:49:36.110 it seems that the new increasing responsive reserve 02:49:36.110 --> 02:49:39.640 and non-spin will be able to balance those changes. 02:49:39.640 --> 02:49:40.473 Pattern would like 02:49:40.473 --> 02:49:43.050 to see ERCOT develop a little bit more accurate planning 02:49:43.050 --> 02:49:45.940 and forecast methodology that was used earlier. 02:49:45.940 --> 02:49:47.820 There are times, especially in the valley 02:49:47.820 --> 02:49:50.070 or in the panhandle, where there is generation 02:49:50.070 --> 02:49:52.900 that is curtailed at the bind 02:49:52.900 --> 02:49:54.810 at the generic transmission limit. 02:49:54.810 --> 02:49:57.860 At this point of time, ERCOT at times cannot, 02:49:57.860 --> 02:50:00.430 or does not adequately plan 02:50:00.430 --> 02:50:02.090 that this production is not available 02:50:02.090 --> 02:50:03.870 to be provided at the grid. 02:50:03.870 --> 02:50:05.730 We also look forward to the conversation 02:50:05.730 --> 02:50:08.040 about economic criteria to be used 02:50:08.040 --> 02:50:09.610 with transmission development 02:50:09.610 --> 02:50:12.070 in order to maximize all possible output 02:50:12.070 --> 02:50:14.083 to our constituents. 02:50:17.630 --> 02:50:20.560 With the lack of transmission, specifically in the West, 02:50:20.560 --> 02:50:23.610 we are limited to provide any congestion assistance 02:50:23.610 --> 02:50:28.610 or any load assistance while congestion still exists. 02:50:29.010 --> 02:50:31.470 In closing, Pattern would like to continue to participate 02:50:31.470 --> 02:50:32.860 in any subsequent workshops 02:50:32.860 --> 02:50:35.453 and provide more data as the questions arise. 02:50:37.200 --> 02:50:39.090 And I'll stop there if there are any questions. 02:50:39.090 --> 02:50:40.260 Thank you. Questions? 02:50:43.959 --> 02:50:48.543 The one quick question, we're still tight on time. 02:50:49.690 --> 02:50:51.033 You mentioned the, 02:50:52.460 --> 02:50:55.750 one of your requests was about the planning for, 02:50:55.750 --> 02:50:56.930 or improved planning 02:50:56.930 --> 02:51:01.930 on intermittent contribution to inter-generation. 02:51:04.020 --> 02:51:06.270 What, in your mind, what would that look like? 02:51:06.270 --> 02:51:09.080 Because you, and you mentioned that the shortages, 02:51:09.080 --> 02:51:10.600 the thermal outages, forced outages, 02:51:10.600 --> 02:51:11.480 that have been the topic 02:51:11.480 --> 02:51:13.530 of such discussion in the last few weeks. 02:51:15.550 --> 02:51:17.970 When it comes to intermittence, love the price point. 02:51:17.970 --> 02:51:18.920 Right. 02:51:18.920 --> 02:51:21.940 But the same time we had those forced outages, 02:51:21.940 --> 02:51:26.940 we had 3,000 of 25,000 total installed wind megawatts online 02:51:29.690 --> 02:51:31.440 when we really, really needed them. 02:51:32.490 --> 02:51:33.846 Those are, you know, it was, 02:51:33.846 --> 02:51:35.250 that was one of three variables. 02:51:35.250 --> 02:51:37.100 I want to be very clear, forced outages, 02:51:37.100 --> 02:51:42.100 lack of wind and then the record demand that day. 02:51:43.130 --> 02:51:48.130 So how does improved planning help resolve that? 02:51:49.270 --> 02:51:51.740 Yeah, from a forecast methodology perspective, 02:51:51.740 --> 02:51:53.950 when we're part of the interconnection process 02:51:53.950 --> 02:51:57.410 to even be able to serve customers or the market, 02:51:57.410 --> 02:51:59.160 we have met towers that are constructed. 02:51:59.160 --> 02:52:01.390 And so, telemetry is tested in order 02:52:01.390 --> 02:52:03.680 that ERCOT has a direct line of sight 02:52:03.680 --> 02:52:06.350 of the forecast of available wind. 02:52:06.350 --> 02:52:08.960 And so, how ERCOT uses that forecast, 02:52:08.960 --> 02:52:10.540 I'm not very well briefed on it 02:52:10.540 --> 02:52:13.500 and nor do I think there's a lot of transparency on that. 02:52:13.500 --> 02:52:15.540 When it comes to wind changes, you know, 02:52:15.540 --> 02:52:18.410 none of us have the crystal ball and, you know, 02:52:18.410 --> 02:52:20.790 things of that nature can happen pretty rapidly. 02:52:20.790 --> 02:52:23.040 For wind, it's extremely rare. 02:52:23.040 --> 02:52:25.400 You know, with Uri, two days prior, 02:52:25.400 --> 02:52:28.060 I mean, I think we already knew the impact 02:52:28.060 --> 02:52:30.120 to wind in that area. 02:52:30.120 --> 02:52:33.240 And so, I think if there was a more, perhaps, 02:52:33.240 --> 02:52:36.400 transparent planning process that we knew 02:52:36.400 --> 02:52:38.120 that the wind was going to be offline, 02:52:38.120 --> 02:52:40.730 it didn't become offline in a couple hours. 02:52:40.730 --> 02:52:44.410 There could be some contingencies planned on that. 02:52:44.410 --> 02:52:45.900 I know there's a weatherization docket, 02:52:45.900 --> 02:52:48.060 that's open with public utility Commission. 02:52:48.060 --> 02:52:51.510 I think there's a lot of availability there. You know? 02:52:51.510 --> 02:52:53.195 Part of a compliance team, 02:52:53.195 --> 02:52:55.360 we always look at our assets yearly, 02:52:55.360 --> 02:52:57.210 actually twice a year in ERCOT, 02:52:57.210 --> 02:52:59.740 in June and in September for summer and winter. 02:52:59.740 --> 02:53:02.440 And so, there's different, definitely some best practices 02:53:02.440 --> 02:53:05.390 that could be used for additional availability, but. 02:53:05.390 --> 02:53:08.210 Okay. We'd love to hear about that in more detail. 02:53:08.210 --> 02:53:10.460 I don't want to belabor the point and I will, 02:53:13.710 --> 02:53:16.200 we've had some work session discussions about planning 02:53:16.200 --> 02:53:17.620 and forecasting at ERCOT. 02:53:17.620 --> 02:53:20.303 So, we'll revisit that, 02:53:22.150 --> 02:53:24.860 and certainly room for improvement. 02:53:24.860 --> 02:53:27.120 My analogy was skydiving. 02:53:27.120 --> 02:53:31.223 You know, statistics only work over infinite iterations, 02:53:32.160 --> 02:53:35.393 but we can only get the grid wrong once. 02:53:36.930 --> 02:53:41.683 And, but the point I would drive to as to, 02:53:42.930 --> 02:53:47.680 for all of us to try to capture the good parts, 02:53:47.680 --> 02:53:49.880 the price point, that, I mean, 02:53:49.880 --> 02:53:53.590 that is a tremendous benefit while also figuring out a way, 02:53:53.590 --> 02:53:57.510 you heard me mentioned how the uniform price clearing means 02:53:57.510 --> 02:54:02.510 that the negative prices at night force dispatchable 02:54:02.750 --> 02:54:06.511 to pay a penalty for, essentially, being dispatchable. 02:54:06.511 --> 02:54:09.780 So, to your point about agnostic about technologies, 02:54:09.780 --> 02:54:11.620 how do we find a way 02:54:11.620 --> 02:54:13.950 to capture the positives of intermittence 02:54:15.460 --> 02:54:18.000 while mitigating the pain points 02:54:18.000 --> 02:54:21.690 of the price penalties incurred on others, 02:54:21.690 --> 02:54:26.690 and also having 12% of your capacity show up randomly 02:54:30.260 --> 02:54:32.830 and with, acknowledge, a full nod 02:54:32.830 --> 02:54:34.800 to the lack of predictability, 02:54:34.800 --> 02:54:37.765 but the difficulties planning. 02:54:37.765 --> 02:54:39.131 So, striking that balance, 02:54:39.131 --> 02:54:40.590 I think, will be the key going forward. 02:54:40.590 --> 02:54:41.423 Yeah. Sure. I look forward to working 02:54:41.423 --> 02:54:42.256 with you on it. 02:54:42.256 --> 02:54:46.040 Just one point on the negative pricing with the PTC. 02:54:46.040 --> 02:54:48.610 I mean, I think that's what your, 02:54:48.610 --> 02:54:49.730 what you guys have been describing it, 02:54:49.730 --> 02:54:50.563 I mean, it's endemic, right? 02:54:50.563 --> 02:54:52.910 We want to incentivize more of that base low gen 02:54:52.910 --> 02:54:54.280 to cover that intermittency. 02:54:54.280 --> 02:54:57.110 And I think myself and Pattern would agree with that. 02:54:57.110 --> 02:55:00.923 With the PTC, just, it does drop off after 10 years, 02:55:00.923 --> 02:55:02.220 and that's not going to help depending on 02:55:02.220 --> 02:55:03.760 when the asset was created. 02:55:03.760 --> 02:55:07.990 But theoretically in a set kind of zone where you have, 02:55:07.990 --> 02:55:10.450 you know, a lot of wind operators in that area 02:55:10.450 --> 02:55:13.580 and depending on when they went live will depend on how long 02:55:13.580 --> 02:55:15.217 that negative pricing is there. 02:55:15.217 --> 02:55:18.030 But yeah, point of clarification on that. 02:55:18.030 --> 02:55:20.230 I'm hearing from the developers now 02:55:20.230 --> 02:55:25.230 that if you refit those facilities, those qualify for PTC. 02:55:26.970 --> 02:55:31.950 So the tail, and when I was working for legislators, 02:55:31.950 --> 02:55:33.797 we always said, "Okay, 2029. 02:55:33.797 --> 02:55:35.867 "If we can get through 2029, we're okay. 02:55:35.867 --> 02:55:38.810 "PTC's not effective." 02:55:38.810 --> 02:55:39.850 That is not the case. No, that's fair, sir. 02:55:39.850 --> 02:55:41.290 Yeah, that is not the case. Yeah, the retrofitting is- 02:55:41.290 --> 02:55:43.300 We are looking at decades more 02:55:43.300 --> 02:55:46.460 of PTC dictated policy constraints. 02:55:46.460 --> 02:55:47.390 Yeah. Right? Okay. 02:55:47.390 --> 02:55:49.000 I think that's right. I mean, it has survived 02:55:49.000 --> 02:55:50.530 a lot of different administrations, 02:55:50.530 --> 02:55:52.510 so it doesn't seem to be going away. 02:55:52.510 --> 02:55:53.600 Right. 02:55:53.600 --> 02:55:55.040 It's a big challenge 02:55:55.040 --> 02:55:57.700 that holds both difficulties and opportunities. 02:55:57.700 --> 02:55:58.533 Yeah. 02:55:58.533 --> 02:55:59.366 Thank you. 02:55:59.366 --> 02:56:00.700 Thank you. 02:56:00.700 --> 02:56:02.250 Last and certainly not least, 02:56:02.250 --> 02:56:05.010 Hunt Energy Network, Mr. Wood. 02:56:05.010 --> 02:56:07.350 So y'all are getting in about five hours 02:56:07.350 --> 02:56:10.820 what took me 10 years to get, so congratulations. 02:56:10.820 --> 02:56:13.980 Thank you, and God bless you. (group laughs) 02:56:13.980 --> 02:56:18.980 Wholesale market design is not as complicated 02:56:19.750 --> 02:56:20.890 as you'd think. 02:56:20.890 --> 02:56:23.530 I mean, it's gotten a lot of accoutrements over the years, 02:56:23.530 --> 02:56:27.580 but when we decided the wholesale market design for ERCOT, 02:56:27.580 --> 02:56:28.857 people think there was this vote and all, 02:56:28.857 --> 02:56:31.200 but it just kind of, it just was there, 02:56:31.200 --> 02:56:33.130 you had energies and reserves, 02:56:33.130 --> 02:56:36.230 which now we call ancillary services and that's it. 02:56:36.230 --> 02:56:38.187 So, this whole construct of capacity markets 02:56:38.187 --> 02:56:40.060 and all that kind of grew out 02:56:40.060 --> 02:56:41.580 of what happened outside ERCOT. 02:56:41.580 --> 02:56:45.180 And I have viewed that the East Coast capacity markets, 02:56:45.180 --> 02:56:47.590 which I know have been cast about here 02:56:47.590 --> 02:56:50.860 in kind of the macro ancillary service debate. 02:56:50.860 --> 02:56:54.350 Those really were the 20th century kind of regulatory tool 02:56:54.350 --> 02:56:58.730 to really plug the gap for an insufficient 02:56:58.730 --> 02:57:01.557 and competitive retail market design in the Mid-Atlantic 02:57:01.557 --> 02:57:02.870 and the Northeastern states. 02:57:02.870 --> 02:57:05.440 So, whenever y'all talk about capacity market, 02:57:05.440 --> 02:57:06.910 I'd be happy to come visit about that one, 02:57:06.910 --> 02:57:09.150 because there are some things about it. 02:57:09.150 --> 02:57:11.510 I'm not reflexively against it, 02:57:11.510 --> 02:57:12.710 my friend Katie's back there. 02:57:12.710 --> 02:57:15.260 She'll give you an earful. Nervous, Pat (laughs). 02:57:15.260 --> 02:57:17.680 But you know, I don't really think it's, 02:57:17.680 --> 02:57:19.110 you know, I think most of us agree 02:57:19.110 --> 02:57:20.980 that wouldn't have changed things in February. 02:57:20.980 --> 02:57:23.110 So, but it could change some other things. 02:57:23.110 --> 02:57:25.910 But, and when I think about the future 02:57:25.910 --> 02:57:28.280 and that's really what that Section 18, 02:57:28.280 --> 02:57:31.853 which I think is the, to me, the gem of Senate Bill 3. 02:57:31.853 --> 02:57:33.507 There's some other great stuff in there, 02:57:33.507 --> 02:57:37.170 but that one really just was a forward lane 02:57:37.170 --> 02:57:39.623 about how we make sure that we fix things 02:57:39.623 --> 02:57:41.720 that happened in February. 02:57:41.720 --> 02:57:43.448 And y'all got wonderful tools to do that. 02:57:43.448 --> 02:57:45.800 And I'm thrilled about that. 02:57:45.800 --> 02:57:46.845 But more importantly, 02:57:46.845 --> 02:57:51.300 this grid is shifting faster than probably any grid 02:57:51.300 --> 02:57:52.450 in the world. 02:57:52.450 --> 02:57:54.450 Moving with, we have free resources 02:57:54.450 --> 02:57:57.320 that the good Lord gave us, blowing and shining on us. 02:57:57.320 --> 02:57:58.920 In addition to all this stuff we've been able 02:57:58.920 --> 02:58:01.003 to pull up from under the ground and monetize that. 02:58:01.003 --> 02:58:03.610 There's not a state like this. 02:58:03.610 --> 02:58:07.120 And so, we've got to get this right. 02:58:07.120 --> 02:58:09.120 Unlike the past, when, you know, 02:58:09.120 --> 02:58:10.510 I got to look at other things 02:58:10.510 --> 02:58:12.440 and watch the some pioneers get shot, 02:58:12.440 --> 02:58:14.640 so I could be a settler and go get the land. 02:58:15.830 --> 02:58:17.860 We figured that out from looking at the UK, 02:58:17.860 --> 02:58:20.230 from looking at Pennsylvania, from looking at California, 02:58:20.230 --> 02:58:22.660 from looking at New South Wales, you know, 02:58:22.660 --> 02:58:25.253 all of these great places, even Chile down there. 02:58:26.810 --> 02:58:28.650 Here, we've got to figure this stuff out first. 02:58:28.650 --> 02:58:31.611 So, the future scenario that I think about when I think 02:58:31.611 --> 02:58:36.611 about what y'all have got before you is 20-blah-blah-blah, 02:58:39.010 --> 02:58:43.623 30 something, 80% of the hours of the year, 02:58:45.040 --> 02:58:47.317 you're going to have nuke, wind, 02:58:47.317 --> 02:58:49.230 and solar setting the energy price. 02:58:49.230 --> 02:58:52.370 So, it's this big or maybe negative 02:58:52.370 --> 02:58:53.970 in light of our last discussion. 02:58:55.440 --> 02:58:56.273 Wow. 02:58:56.273 --> 02:58:57.680 So, that great energy market 02:58:57.680 --> 02:58:59.730 that we're just counting on energy and ancillaries 02:58:59.730 --> 02:59:03.530 to be cashflow for investors here gets shifted 02:59:03.530 --> 02:59:05.640 to the other 20% of the hours. 02:59:05.640 --> 02:59:09.340 So, the great thing is the 80%, you've got low carbon, 02:59:09.340 --> 02:59:12.193 Texas is the hero to the environmental movement, 02:59:13.600 --> 02:59:15.810 customers are benefiting from that really low price, 02:59:15.810 --> 02:59:18.163 as we have really for the last 10 years, 02:59:19.970 --> 02:59:22.740 but that other 20% is going to be really spiky 02:59:23.700 --> 02:59:24.983 and really pricey. 02:59:25.860 --> 02:59:28.320 And you're going to be depending 02:59:28.320 --> 02:59:30.770 on these dispatchable resources, 02:59:30.770 --> 02:59:33.920 that section 18, to make the math work. 02:59:33.920 --> 02:59:38.920 And so, those units that used to run, I don't know, 02:59:39.210 --> 02:59:44.180 60% of the time, CCCTs that came in here when I was here 02:59:44.180 --> 02:59:46.160 and it was 60, 70% of the hours. 02:59:46.160 --> 02:59:48.143 And now they're down below 40. 02:59:49.640 --> 02:59:52.850 How do we keep those employees there, 02:59:52.850 --> 02:59:55.530 those plants maintained, that fuel, you know, 02:59:55.530 --> 02:59:57.230 lined up with firm contracts? 02:59:57.230 --> 02:59:59.713 So, they don't get interrupted in February again. 03:00:01.960 --> 03:00:05.410 That's I think going to have to require a different type 03:00:05.410 --> 03:00:06.660 of compensation mechanism 03:00:07.960 --> 03:00:11.373 and I don't run right to PJM's capacity market. 03:00:12.818 --> 03:00:14.610 You know, we've heard some good ideas here today, 03:00:14.610 --> 03:00:17.260 and other people here in the room are going 03:00:17.260 --> 03:00:18.190 to have some other ones, 03:00:18.190 --> 03:00:21.700 but a resource adequacy percentage, 03:00:21.700 --> 03:00:23.740 much like they have used in California 03:00:23.740 --> 03:00:25.230 or in the Southwest power pool, 03:00:25.230 --> 03:00:27.660 some of the regulated states, 03:00:27.660 --> 03:00:30.168 a more surgical ancillary service, 03:00:30.168 --> 03:00:33.590 ORDC was the political compromise 03:00:33.590 --> 03:00:36.550 for not doing a capacity market in 2013. 03:00:36.550 --> 03:00:38.120 We can slice it any other way, 03:00:38.120 --> 03:00:39.110 but that's what it was. 03:00:39.110 --> 03:00:41.840 Bill Hogan, who I respect, who's a wonderful economist, 03:00:41.840 --> 03:00:44.680 that I'd encourage you all to get to know him. 03:00:44.680 --> 03:00:48.370 He was a great advisor to me here and also at FERC 03:00:48.370 --> 03:00:52.840 on market design, the ORDC was the, 03:00:52.840 --> 03:00:57.260 my back tool, because FERC could not order capacity markets. 03:00:57.260 --> 03:00:59.590 They were brought to us by market participants 03:00:59.590 --> 03:01:02.410 And so, the tool that I did have, 03:01:02.410 --> 03:01:03.920 if I ever needed to do something 03:01:03.920 --> 03:01:06.610 like a capacity market was in ORDC, 03:01:06.610 --> 03:01:09.740 which is kind of paying capacity premiums in realtime, 03:01:09.740 --> 03:01:12.253 as you saw beautifully illustrated here today. 03:01:13.700 --> 03:01:15.580 I'm expecting, I don't know, 03:01:15.580 --> 03:01:18.710 I've just heard from market participants whispering to me 03:01:18.710 --> 03:01:21.960 that maybe that gets squashed down and flattened out. 03:01:21.960 --> 03:01:24.930 So, maybe that helps in those 20% of the hours is 03:01:24.930 --> 03:01:28.230 that those 20% of the hours all have an adder on them, 03:01:28.230 --> 03:01:31.143 perhaps that is a way to make those more compensatory. 03:01:32.521 --> 03:01:37.521 I am going to go find Tommy Merritt's phone number today 03:01:38.300 --> 03:01:39.990 because he's the Genesis. 03:01:39.990 --> 03:01:41.390 He was the author of that section. 03:01:41.390 --> 03:01:44.950 Behind point 9044, and I never dreamed in my life 03:01:44.950 --> 03:01:47.100 I would ever see that again until this morning, 03:01:47.100 --> 03:01:49.280 I had to look it up, and that was it. 03:01:49.280 --> 03:01:53.600 Tommy Merritt is this charismatic Republican legislator 03:01:53.600 --> 03:01:54.896 from, I think, Kilgore. 03:01:54.896 --> 03:01:55.860 That's right. 03:01:55.860 --> 03:01:58.980 Who saw all the renewable portfolio language going 03:01:58.980 --> 03:02:01.187 in right above that in the statute and said, 03:02:01.187 --> 03:02:02.570 "Well, I'm gonna do one for natural gas." 03:02:02.570 --> 03:02:04.640 'Cause he's sitting on top of the East Texas field. 03:02:04.640 --> 03:02:09.130 And that's a remarkable tool because I don't sense 03:02:09.130 --> 03:02:12.210 that we'll see any more coal plants here. 03:02:12.210 --> 03:02:14.290 And so, when you think dispatchable resources 03:02:14.290 --> 03:02:16.003 in the context of Texas, 03:02:17.980 --> 03:02:20.943 you may just have a solution to some, 03:02:22.070 --> 03:02:24.460 I hate to use the phrase 'cause it's so pejorative, 03:02:24.460 --> 03:02:27.930 but the missing money issue that we've got to think about 03:02:27.930 --> 03:02:29.610 for those 20% of the hours. 03:02:29.610 --> 03:02:31.970 So, bravo on that, Commissioner McAdams, 03:02:31.970 --> 03:02:34.803 I think that could be a lot of fun. 03:02:36.750 --> 03:02:38.570 I'm also mindful of the importance 03:02:38.570 --> 03:02:40.823 of a competitive retail market. 03:02:41.940 --> 03:02:43.740 The Energy Monger discussion 03:02:43.740 --> 03:02:48.170 y'all just had was very sobering. 03:02:48.170 --> 03:02:50.593 And I may be, probably, your own only testifier 03:02:50.593 --> 03:02:54.170 in this calendar year to mourn the passing of Griddy, 03:02:54.170 --> 03:02:58.530 but I do think price responsive load is 03:02:58.530 --> 03:03:00.610 absolutely our silver bullet here, you know, 03:03:00.610 --> 03:03:04.980 storage plus price responsive load is that missing interface 03:03:04.980 --> 03:03:08.813 that we never had in this very supply-driven market. 03:03:10.810 --> 03:03:13.890 But the point of 1999 legislation was 03:03:13.890 --> 03:03:16.210 to shift the risk off the back of customers 03:03:16.210 --> 03:03:20.130 onto those providers who can better manage that risk. 03:03:20.130 --> 03:03:20.970 They're supposed to. 03:03:20.970 --> 03:03:24.140 And the operations in February, 03:03:24.140 --> 03:03:26.730 particularly the after the fact ancillary service bills, 03:03:26.730 --> 03:03:29.370 which we're focusing on here today that came 03:03:29.370 --> 03:03:32.100 and I think may have been addressed partially 03:03:32.100 --> 03:03:34.750 by the clawing back and the securitization 03:03:34.750 --> 03:03:37.377 of those over the market, which is, you know, 03:03:38.229 --> 03:03:39.670 a substandard approach, 03:03:39.670 --> 03:03:42.610 but certainly, better than seeing those people go out. 03:03:42.610 --> 03:03:44.190 But that shows the limits 03:03:44.190 --> 03:03:45.960 of how reasonable this market is. 03:03:45.960 --> 03:03:50.170 There is, there's probably too much systemic market risk 03:03:50.170 --> 03:03:52.050 in the current design. 03:03:52.050 --> 03:03:53.360 And as it goes forward, 03:03:53.360 --> 03:03:56.840 I think you can, protecting the wholesale market, 03:03:56.840 --> 03:03:58.187 but this is the beauty of what your job is, 03:03:58.187 --> 03:04:00.470 is you've got wholesale and retail, 03:04:00.470 --> 03:04:02.670 which no other regulator in this continent has. 03:04:02.670 --> 03:04:06.800 So, you get the ability to see both sides of the puzzle 03:04:06.800 --> 03:04:10.900 and to put together those pieces and make them work 03:04:10.900 --> 03:04:13.020 for the retail competition 03:04:13.020 --> 03:04:16.130 as well as the wholesale competition is an important piece. 03:04:16.130 --> 03:04:18.410 So, that wake up call this morning, 03:04:18.410 --> 03:04:19.740 forced me to throw away my script 03:04:19.740 --> 03:04:21.910 and actually add some thoughts there. 03:04:21.910 --> 03:04:25.320 But I should say that it also validates for me the value 03:04:25.320 --> 03:04:27.160 of retail competition, 03:04:27.160 --> 03:04:29.930 that those resource providers were the ones 03:04:29.930 --> 03:04:32.570 who managed the risk, not the backs of the customer, 03:04:32.570 --> 03:04:34.480 who in the regulated parts of the state, 03:04:34.480 --> 03:04:37.670 and in gas utility land are going to be bearing those costs 03:04:37.670 --> 03:04:38.503 for 30 years. 03:04:38.503 --> 03:04:40.590 So, that's a phenomenal victory 03:04:40.590 --> 03:04:42.470 that we should all take the chance to celebrate, 03:04:42.470 --> 03:04:43.590 but it comes at a cost 03:04:43.590 --> 03:04:46.330 because there were people who weren't liberated, 03:04:46.330 --> 03:04:50.390 who do have a single provider on their back 03:04:50.390 --> 03:04:52.290 who was unable to manage it. 03:04:52.290 --> 03:04:53.663 But again, stepping back, 03:04:54.810 --> 03:04:57.160 I don't know if anybody could have managed it. 03:04:57.160 --> 03:05:00.250 And so, how do you reduce the risk? 03:05:00.250 --> 03:05:05.250 Certainly, maybe squishing then spreading that adder, 03:05:05.500 --> 03:05:06.620 there's a lot of discussion. 03:05:06.620 --> 03:05:07.750 I know there's litigation 03:05:07.750 --> 03:05:11.710 on the Commission's February 15th order and the 96 hours 03:05:11.710 --> 03:05:15.520 and the Independent Market Monitor's been involved in that, 03:05:15.520 --> 03:05:17.690 but increasing ancillary service procurements, 03:05:17.690 --> 03:05:20.240 we've seen that happen just this week and it was referred 03:05:20.240 --> 03:05:24.310 to here by my co-panelists and by the, I think ERCOT, 03:05:24.310 --> 03:05:25.700 Dave might've mentioned that earlier, 03:05:25.700 --> 03:05:28.410 but ERCOT took some steps to really broaden that then. 03:05:28.410 --> 03:05:32.670 And that is an effective way to, in a second tier manner, 03:05:32.670 --> 03:05:34.300 push up that forward curve. 03:05:34.300 --> 03:05:38.250 When you see there's more resources being procured 03:05:38.250 --> 03:05:40.257 on a non-spin basis, that is saying, 03:05:40.257 --> 03:05:42.650 "I want more capacity here now." 03:05:42.650 --> 03:05:44.820 It's not a three or four capacity construct 03:05:44.820 --> 03:05:48.800 like you have in PJM, but it is, it's our version of that. 03:05:48.800 --> 03:05:51.690 And I think those signals are extremely important 03:05:51.690 --> 03:05:53.220 and they do fly below the radar. 03:05:53.220 --> 03:05:55.817 In fact, when I read about it this week, I'm like, 03:05:55.817 --> 03:05:57.470 "Wow, that's big." 03:05:57.470 --> 03:05:59.050 I mean, y'all didn't have to order that. 03:05:59.050 --> 03:06:00.780 I would stay deeply engaged in that 03:06:00.780 --> 03:06:04.040 and have a top staffer here for not just that issue. 03:06:04.040 --> 03:06:07.220 I've got a few here that we, we're focused on at HEN, 03:06:07.220 --> 03:06:11.220 but in any event that there's a lot there. 03:06:11.220 --> 03:06:13.440 The circuit breaker, obviously, if the, you know, 03:06:13.440 --> 03:06:16.550 I think there's some legislation to drive that. 03:06:16.550 --> 03:06:18.230 Getting more price responsible, 03:06:18.230 --> 03:06:19.470 Suzanne talked about it better 03:06:19.470 --> 03:06:21.340 than anybody I can imagine in Texas. 03:06:21.340 --> 03:06:24.030 So I won't, I'll just say me too on her, 03:06:24.030 --> 03:06:27.830 but, you know, and then there's a huge slug 03:06:27.830 --> 03:06:28.663 of storage coming. 03:06:28.663 --> 03:06:29.496 We want to be part of that. 03:06:29.496 --> 03:06:33.930 At HEN, we're putting 10 megawatt batteries at, around it, 03:06:33.930 --> 03:06:36.680 substations, distribution side of the substations 03:06:36.680 --> 03:06:37.623 around the state. 03:06:38.810 --> 03:06:39.729 We expect fully that 03:06:39.729 --> 03:06:44.729 that territory that was just being talked about there is, 03:06:45.390 --> 03:06:49.120 you know, the next ground 03:06:49.120 --> 03:06:50.870 to bring in more resources to the state, 03:06:50.870 --> 03:06:54.530 a lot of chance to decentralize resiliency. 03:06:54.530 --> 03:06:56.610 As I see, the decarbonization agenda, 03:06:56.610 --> 03:06:59.333 it's also joined by the de-centralization agenda. 03:07:01.270 --> 03:07:04.040 I think pushing that action beyond the substation 03:07:04.040 --> 03:07:06.630 toward the customer meter is a new area. 03:07:06.630 --> 03:07:09.050 And as we worry about how to pay for that, 03:07:09.050 --> 03:07:11.548 I think about as the TDU, 03:07:11.548 --> 03:07:14.540 as the distribution utilities reconfigure their systems, 03:07:14.540 --> 03:07:18.410 so that the really fatal issue 03:07:18.410 --> 03:07:20.560 of how critical load was managed 03:07:20.560 --> 03:07:23.570 during the crisis gets addressed, 03:07:23.570 --> 03:07:24.730 that's going to take some money. 03:07:24.730 --> 03:07:26.280 And I think that's money as a rate payer, 03:07:26.280 --> 03:07:29.060 I'm happy to pay for the, 03:07:29.060 --> 03:07:31.170 for CenterPoint to reconfigure its systems 03:07:31.170 --> 03:07:33.330 so that they can do more surgical roles. 03:07:33.330 --> 03:07:35.680 As they reconfigure though, 03:07:35.680 --> 03:07:39.430 that 2D, that two way design that we've got 03:07:39.430 --> 03:07:41.200 on the transmission grid 03:07:41.200 --> 03:07:43.300 that we so much have on distribution. 03:07:43.300 --> 03:07:46.380 Although I did tour CenterPoint a few years ago, 03:07:46.380 --> 03:07:48.400 when a visiting dignitary was in Houston, 03:07:48.400 --> 03:07:51.400 I got to introduce them to the CenterPoint management. 03:07:51.400 --> 03:07:54.120 We toured their new backup station. 03:07:54.120 --> 03:07:55.490 They have a station like ERCOT, 03:07:55.490 --> 03:07:58.880 the big TDUs do to manage their own systems. 03:07:58.880 --> 03:08:00.490 There's a lot of capability there 03:08:00.490 --> 03:08:02.270 that was put in with smart meters. 03:08:02.270 --> 03:08:04.440 And after smart meters went in, 03:08:04.440 --> 03:08:06.863 that I encourage the Commissioners to look at 03:08:06.863 --> 03:08:10.448 because there, our utilities here have recovered a lot 03:08:10.448 --> 03:08:11.450 of money to do it, 03:08:11.450 --> 03:08:13.140 but I think the ones that I've seen 03:08:13.140 --> 03:08:16.450 in on course will have done a lot of creative things 03:08:16.450 --> 03:08:18.690 that really go in this right direction. 03:08:18.690 --> 03:08:23.240 And I think a gentle nudge as opposed to a cudgel is going 03:08:23.240 --> 03:08:26.170 to be sufficient to just get where we want to go 03:08:26.170 --> 03:08:31.170 on this two-way kind of DER rich Nirvana that, you know, 03:08:31.520 --> 03:08:34.040 the Texas was intended to kind of generate 03:08:35.040 --> 03:08:37.480 that sort of creativity and entrepreneurialship. 03:08:37.480 --> 03:08:39.850 So, I want to see that happen. 03:08:39.850 --> 03:08:41.877 And again, at Hunt, we intend to be part of 03:08:41.877 --> 03:08:43.720 and right in the middle of that, but it's, you know, 03:08:43.720 --> 03:08:45.730 this area's been barely unlocked. 03:08:45.730 --> 03:08:50.150 To unlock that, ERCOT has to push into distribution. 03:08:50.150 --> 03:08:51.760 I know that makes ERCOT cringe, 03:08:51.760 --> 03:08:53.200 that makes the distribution cringe, 03:08:53.200 --> 03:08:55.710 but at the end of the day, and Commissioner Cobos, 03:08:55.710 --> 03:08:57.410 you mentioned about the DISOs. 03:08:57.410 --> 03:09:00.740 I think we could probably do something simpler than that, 03:09:00.740 --> 03:09:02.100 but I think that's the model. 03:09:02.100 --> 03:09:02.933 I think you're right. 03:09:02.933 --> 03:09:04.860 What, when 20 years ago, 03:09:04.860 --> 03:09:08.740 we wanted to turn the transmission utilities 03:09:08.740 --> 03:09:11.173 into a very customer focused, 03:09:13.180 --> 03:09:15.340 to both generators and to retailers, 03:09:15.340 --> 03:09:17.170 very customer focused business. 03:09:17.170 --> 03:09:20.200 And I remember the day after the cut-over happened, 03:09:20.200 --> 03:09:21.557 generators came to me and said, 03:09:21.557 --> 03:09:23.877 "H L and P is like a new animal. 03:09:23.877 --> 03:09:25.737 "They are so happy with the generators. 03:09:25.737 --> 03:09:26.697 "We are their customer. 03:09:26.697 --> 03:09:29.197 "They're making us deals, you know, 03:09:29.197 --> 03:09:31.277 "getting us set up for things that we've fought them 03:09:31.277 --> 03:09:32.110 "for 20 years. 03:09:32.110 --> 03:09:33.030 "We just can't believe it." 03:09:33.030 --> 03:09:35.237 I said, "When you change the business model 03:09:35.237 --> 03:09:36.793 "and make the incentives great, 03:09:37.647 --> 03:09:39.420 "that's what needs to happen." 03:09:39.420 --> 03:09:40.470 I mean, distribution, 03:09:40.470 --> 03:09:44.867 I think the legislature said, "You guys are not in storage. 03:09:44.867 --> 03:09:46.410 "That's a competitive environment." 03:09:46.410 --> 03:09:48.440 We, if it can replace, as Suzanne point out, 03:09:48.440 --> 03:09:49.670 if it can replace 03:09:49.670 --> 03:09:51.660 and be a cheaper alternative to wires business, 03:09:51.660 --> 03:09:52.790 we want it in the mix, 03:09:52.790 --> 03:09:56.370 which a great balanced, compromise that I totally support. 03:09:56.370 --> 03:10:00.610 But if getting the wires businesses into that same, 03:10:00.610 --> 03:10:05.610 you know, viewing us as a storage company or, you know, 03:10:05.990 --> 03:10:09.770 as a solar, a community solar farm, 03:10:09.770 --> 03:10:13.270 or as an aggregation of Ford F-150s in the neighborhood, 03:10:13.270 --> 03:10:14.840 those parties that are going to do that, 03:10:14.840 --> 03:10:16.120 and we fully intend to be right in the middle 03:10:16.120 --> 03:10:17.363 of all of that mix too, 03:10:18.430 --> 03:10:20.550 to know that the utilities viewing us 03:10:20.550 --> 03:10:23.900 as happy to be a customer, not to be an annoyance is, 03:10:23.900 --> 03:10:25.790 I mean, I had to, one of our meetings, 03:10:25.790 --> 03:10:28.460 we had to introduce the distribution staff of a utility 03:10:28.460 --> 03:10:29.690 to their transmission staff. 03:10:29.690 --> 03:10:32.670 They were separate people and they're separate businesses. 03:10:32.670 --> 03:10:35.030 And I think that's kind of got 03:10:35.030 --> 03:10:36.360 to be a history book kind of thing. 03:10:36.360 --> 03:10:37.670 We've got to move on from that. 03:10:37.670 --> 03:10:41.521 And so, ERCOT's already easing into 03:10:41.521 --> 03:10:43.560 that role in distribution 03:10:43.560 --> 03:10:47.010 by now implementing what were policies made nine years ago 03:10:47.010 --> 03:10:49.300 at this Commission on storage, 03:10:49.300 --> 03:10:51.330 implementing those at the distribution level 03:10:51.330 --> 03:10:53.810 with the distribution generation resource, 03:10:53.810 --> 03:10:55.990 which we're firmly involved in and some 03:10:55.990 --> 03:11:00.373 of our other storage competitor friends are doing as well. 03:11:01.390 --> 03:11:04.600 Other distributed energy resources that Suzanne mentioned, 03:11:04.600 --> 03:11:05.433 those are next. 03:11:05.433 --> 03:11:07.573 And they're really right on the cusp. 03:11:11.641 --> 03:11:13.800 Onto some specific issues, I did leave a, 03:11:13.800 --> 03:11:15.913 I did have a deck here and I don't want to project it 03:11:15.913 --> 03:11:18.100 because I've only got a short amount of time, 03:11:18.100 --> 03:11:20.670 but I do want to, I don't want to give them short shrift, 03:11:20.670 --> 03:11:23.067 but I do want to let y'all know that, you know, 03:11:23.067 --> 03:11:27.110 we and others are firmly engaged at the working groups 03:11:27.110 --> 03:11:30.980 under TAC and the wholesale market working group 03:11:30.980 --> 03:11:35.890 to learn from the February event 03:11:35.890 --> 03:11:37.750 and make sure that resources 03:11:37.750 --> 03:11:41.233 in the ancillary service stack are properly allocated, 03:11:42.160 --> 03:11:44.750 you know, batteries should be your last line of defense 03:11:44.750 --> 03:11:46.480 for frequency excursions. 03:11:46.480 --> 03:11:48.200 You know, we're short in duration, 03:11:48.200 --> 03:11:49.950 but lightning fast. 03:11:49.950 --> 03:11:52.490 I mean, it used to be hydro electricity was the way 03:11:52.490 --> 03:11:54.110 to kind of be immediate. 03:11:54.110 --> 03:11:56.270 That's a 12 second response time. 03:11:56.270 --> 03:11:59.490 We're a quarter of a second and going toward milliseconds 03:11:59.490 --> 03:12:00.940 as the technology gets better. 03:12:00.940 --> 03:12:05.940 So, that resource, is it appropriately valued? 03:12:05.970 --> 03:12:08.500 Well, I mean, they indicated here in 2019 that 03:12:08.500 --> 03:12:12.730 that FFR class was created for fast frequency response. 03:12:12.730 --> 03:12:13.563 We're in that. 03:12:13.563 --> 03:12:15.040 That class probably able to be bigger 03:12:15.040 --> 03:12:17.780 because if you trip a unit here in ERCOT, 03:12:17.780 --> 03:12:20.330 there's a substantial response. 03:12:20.330 --> 03:12:23.190 In the past, that's what we call inertia. 03:12:23.190 --> 03:12:24.860 And it took me years to figure that out. 03:12:24.860 --> 03:12:26.460 So, I'm gonna try it real quick. 03:12:27.523 --> 03:12:31.160 You've got a generator and three turbines, 03:12:31.160 --> 03:12:33.530 say on a CCCT, and they're just spinning like this. 03:12:33.530 --> 03:12:35.810 The gas is turned, is burning, the, 03:12:35.810 --> 03:12:37.210 or heating the water into steam. 03:12:37.210 --> 03:12:40.790 And it's turning those four pieces of equipment, 03:12:40.790 --> 03:12:44.540 three turbines and one generator multiple times. 03:12:44.540 --> 03:12:48.033 And so, when they take the foot off the gas, 03:12:48.033 --> 03:12:49.270 it's just like a car. 03:12:49.270 --> 03:12:51.200 Those things still keep rolling. 03:12:51.200 --> 03:12:56.200 So, when that, when they've hit the 60 Hertz frequency, 03:12:56.660 --> 03:12:58.720 that mass is still spinning, 03:12:58.720 --> 03:13:00.680 but we're not adding to it. 03:13:00.680 --> 03:13:02.610 Well, that inertia just keeps on going. 03:13:02.610 --> 03:13:05.090 And then it basically would fade out if you were not to run 03:13:05.090 --> 03:13:06.110 that gas plant. 03:13:06.110 --> 03:13:08.030 That inertia has value to the system 03:13:08.030 --> 03:13:09.460 that it's uncompensated, 03:13:09.460 --> 03:13:11.780 but it's just part of the way it is 03:13:11.780 --> 03:13:13.233 because that's just history. 03:13:14.600 --> 03:13:17.820 Wind has that, has a little bit, they're a little more low, 03:13:17.820 --> 03:13:20.630 but, you know, solvers' inverter based. 03:13:20.630 --> 03:13:22.200 So, it doesn't have that at all. 03:13:22.200 --> 03:13:24.050 And that's a plus and a minus. 03:13:24.050 --> 03:13:27.810 But for returning system to frequency, which again, 03:13:27.810 --> 03:13:28.800 keeping it at 60, 03:13:28.800 --> 03:13:32.900 as we all know from that wonderful night, that heroic story, 03:13:32.900 --> 03:13:36.650 I should say, it scared the bejesus out of me, 03:13:36.650 --> 03:13:40.120 but that was a very illustrative event for all of us 03:13:40.120 --> 03:13:41.530 to learn from on frequency. 03:13:41.530 --> 03:13:44.310 But batteries can be very valuable to that. 03:13:44.310 --> 03:13:46.200 Up to now, recently, 03:13:46.200 --> 03:13:48.420 batteries have just been pulled out to be energy just 03:13:48.420 --> 03:13:49.400 to kind of plug the hole. 03:13:49.400 --> 03:13:51.380 I think it's actually, it's tough, 03:13:51.380 --> 03:13:53.800 but that, and I mentioned this in the document, 03:13:53.800 --> 03:13:57.450 but it probably better to call for another 100 megawatts 03:13:57.450 --> 03:14:02.450 of load curtailments than to pirate energy from a battery 03:14:02.600 --> 03:14:04.800 in the middle of another February 15th, 03:14:04.800 --> 03:14:07.430 because the consequences of that, 03:14:07.430 --> 03:14:10.560 I'm a black start missionary, 03:14:10.560 --> 03:14:13.310 but having lived through the 2003 blackout 03:14:13.310 --> 03:14:16.193 as FERC chair in Ohio, 03:14:17.270 --> 03:14:19.680 it went out, it wasn't a controlled outage. 03:14:19.680 --> 03:14:21.390 We, this is not a blackout. 03:14:21.390 --> 03:14:23.720 And I know y'all are very mindful of that. 03:14:23.720 --> 03:14:25.930 This was controlled outages. Dramatic? 03:14:25.930 --> 03:14:29.100 Yes, but we did not lose the grid. 03:14:29.100 --> 03:14:32.499 If we lose the ERCOT grid, it is stone age. 03:14:32.499 --> 03:14:33.390 I mean, it is really, 03:14:33.390 --> 03:14:36.910 we are not like Ohio connected to Illinois and Michigan 03:14:36.910 --> 03:14:40.010 and Ontario and West Virginia to kind of pull us back up 03:14:40.010 --> 03:14:41.550 and get on the horse again. 03:14:41.550 --> 03:14:46.190 We got to start from, you know, flint and, what's? 03:14:46.190 --> 03:14:48.610 Flint and whatever? At the campfire. 03:14:48.610 --> 03:14:49.900 I'm forgetting my Boy Scout days, 03:14:49.900 --> 03:14:52.860 but starting from really just scratch 03:14:52.860 --> 03:14:54.537 to build the grid back up and match load 03:14:54.537 --> 03:14:57.450 and generation all the way back up to 70 gigs, 03:14:57.450 --> 03:14:59.260 that's a multi-week event. 03:14:59.260 --> 03:15:00.670 So, we cannot have that. 03:15:00.670 --> 03:15:04.060 So, keeping the resources that are valuable and that's, 03:15:04.060 --> 03:15:06.890 and again, batteries provide that for the grid, 03:15:06.890 --> 03:15:08.956 through the ancillary services market and through the suite 03:15:08.956 --> 03:15:11.550 of services that are offered there. 03:15:11.550 --> 03:15:14.500 ERCOT is getting an earful from us 03:15:14.500 --> 03:15:15.860 about what we think they ought to do. 03:15:15.860 --> 03:15:17.010 And I've attached that to you. 03:15:17.010 --> 03:15:20.273 And again, just ask, in the interest of, 03:15:20.273 --> 03:15:23.680 I guess self-interest of getting to a good place 03:15:23.680 --> 03:15:25.100 that we think is in the public interest, 03:15:25.100 --> 03:15:27.820 but also, certainly benefits the battery business is 03:15:27.820 --> 03:15:32.680 that you just keep a supportive push 03:15:32.680 --> 03:15:35.900 on the folks over at ERCOT to continue to do that. 03:15:35.900 --> 03:15:36.895 When I was in your role, 03:15:36.895 --> 03:15:41.290 I really viewed the market participants as the folks 03:15:41.290 --> 03:15:43.740 that really got the grunt work done. 03:15:43.740 --> 03:15:45.640 But there are going to be times 03:15:45.640 --> 03:15:48.750 when there's either a bias against technology 03:15:48.750 --> 03:15:51.910 or against a company or against a market segment 03:15:51.910 --> 03:15:53.900 that the Commissioners have to get involved in. 03:15:53.900 --> 03:15:55.217 And then the other big batch of thing, 03:15:55.217 --> 03:15:56.957 and this was Judy Walsh said, 03:15:56.957 --> 03:15:58.757 "Look, if you're picking on somebody, 03:15:58.757 --> 03:16:01.867 "something or some stuff, we want to hear about it. 03:16:01.867 --> 03:16:04.457 "And if it's a money issue, we'll resolve it for you 03:16:04.457 --> 03:16:07.077 "so y'all don't have to get twisted around the axle on that, 03:16:07.077 --> 03:16:09.080 "but y'all go figure out all the details." 03:16:09.080 --> 03:16:13.580 And so, that's really a great balance for ERCOT still. 03:16:13.580 --> 03:16:16.780 The market participant process is probably better here 03:16:16.780 --> 03:16:18.620 than anywhere in the country and I've seen them all, 03:16:18.620 --> 03:16:22.690 but it's one we ought to build on and keep up. 03:16:22.690 --> 03:16:25.420 But again, an active Commission staff presence 03:16:25.420 --> 03:16:28.300 by somebody who really gets into the detail 03:16:28.300 --> 03:16:30.080 and the nerve, we'd love to keep up 03:16:30.080 --> 03:16:32.320 with that person just to let them know what we're up to, 03:16:32.320 --> 03:16:34.830 but that would be deeply appreciated 03:16:34.830 --> 03:16:36.980 because we're pursuing the items on the page, 03:16:36.980 --> 03:16:38.340 the last page of my handout, 03:16:38.340 --> 03:16:40.510 there's five items that we're currently pursuing 03:16:40.510 --> 03:16:42.580 in front of the dockets down there. 03:16:42.580 --> 03:16:46.810 And we look forward to hearing back 03:16:46.810 --> 03:16:48.347 from the market participants on all that, 03:16:48.347 --> 03:16:50.383 and about how that ought to go. 03:16:52.494 --> 03:16:53.990 You know, at the end, 03:16:53.990 --> 03:16:58.350 if we could ask for anything from the storage segment, 03:16:58.350 --> 03:17:02.210 it's just a better vision, crisper for us, 03:17:02.210 --> 03:17:06.240 about how you want to see the grid close to, 03:17:06.240 --> 03:17:08.533 the edge of the grid, I think, play out. 03:17:09.830 --> 03:17:12.550 We can engage resources and the load, 03:17:12.550 --> 03:17:17.410 'cause I think a price responsive load is a key part 03:17:17.410 --> 03:17:18.390 of the solution here. 03:17:18.390 --> 03:17:21.194 Had we had price responsive load the morning 03:17:21.194 --> 03:17:23.870 of February 15th, you know, 03:17:23.870 --> 03:17:25.840 I think half of the generation, 03:17:25.840 --> 03:17:27.260 we've done some calculations, 03:17:27.260 --> 03:17:29.330 the former Commissioners and I. 03:17:29.330 --> 03:17:32.510 Half of the gigawatts that were being used 03:17:32.510 --> 03:17:33.910 in the demand side there were 03:17:33.910 --> 03:17:37.453 to do residential electric heating, 03:17:38.600 --> 03:17:41.410 which now we've got 61% of the state being heated 03:17:41.410 --> 03:17:42.770 by electricity, which is way, 03:17:42.770 --> 03:17:44.810 I mean, it was 10% when I was a kid. 03:17:44.810 --> 03:17:46.420 So, it's grown substantially 03:17:46.420 --> 03:17:48.490 and that's a big part of what's changed around here, 03:17:48.490 --> 03:17:51.880 but there's no price signal when you're paying a flat nine 03:17:51.880 --> 03:17:54.660 or 10 cents a kilowatt hour to turn it off 03:17:54.660 --> 03:17:56.880 or to turn it way down at two o'clock. 03:17:56.880 --> 03:17:58.110 Unless you're a Griddy customer, 03:17:58.110 --> 03:17:59.920 then you turned it off and froze to death. 03:17:59.920 --> 03:18:03.400 But that was, that was tough. 03:18:03.400 --> 03:18:05.210 I would, I'd like to think that in the future, 03:18:05.210 --> 03:18:07.660 that price responsive demand would be part of it. 03:18:08.670 --> 03:18:12.780 But we also want to recognize that, like energy, 03:18:12.780 --> 03:18:14.980 the ancillary services that are provided, 03:18:14.980 --> 03:18:18.044 both responsive reserves on down through non-spin 03:18:18.044 --> 03:18:19.437 and everything above it, 03:18:19.437 --> 03:18:22.810 and that expecting that probably in the future, 03:18:22.810 --> 03:18:25.290 we'll see some development of a winter, 03:18:25.290 --> 03:18:27.490 maybe a winter price responsive 03:18:27.490 --> 03:18:30.890 or winter dependable capacity reserve 03:18:30.890 --> 03:18:32.540 that people are required to obtain. 03:18:32.540 --> 03:18:35.160 You know, I think ORDC probably does a pretty good job 03:18:35.160 --> 03:18:37.890 for summer, we'll see. 03:18:37.890 --> 03:18:40.810 And the 2,000 price cap makes me just a touch nervous, 03:18:40.810 --> 03:18:43.620 but 'cause I don't think anybody really hit 03:18:43.620 --> 03:18:45.500 their peaker net margin based 03:18:45.500 --> 03:18:48.890 on reading the publicly traded people's generator things. 03:18:48.890 --> 03:18:50.790 But I know we've got one testifying here later, 03:18:50.790 --> 03:18:52.120 but that be what it is. 03:18:52.120 --> 03:18:55.190 2,000 is well above where the market is today. 03:18:55.190 --> 03:19:00.190 And I, well, I think, 03:19:00.340 --> 03:19:02.740 knowing that the ancillary services have a value 03:19:02.740 --> 03:19:05.893 in that environment, both in the summer and in the winter, 03:19:07.130 --> 03:19:10.510 we like locational pricing for those ancillary services. 03:19:10.510 --> 03:19:11.720 They may make sense somewhere 03:19:11.720 --> 03:19:13.830 that where's congestion around the grid, 03:19:13.830 --> 03:19:15.700 just like we have, as was mentioned here, 03:19:15.700 --> 03:19:17.497 we got four trading hubs there 03:19:17.497 --> 03:19:19.710 and a lot more granular than that. 03:19:19.710 --> 03:19:22.423 I mean, as a storage resource, we get nodal pricing, 03:19:23.380 --> 03:19:25.510 both selling and buying at the different places 03:19:25.510 --> 03:19:27.730 around the grid, wherever we locate. 03:19:27.730 --> 03:19:30.390 So, having that for ancillaries as well, 03:19:30.390 --> 03:19:31.810 maybe it's complicating, 03:19:31.810 --> 03:19:34.750 and maybe why ERCOT throws their hands up because you know, 03:19:34.750 --> 03:19:36.820 it's hard enough to run the software with the nodes 03:19:36.820 --> 03:19:40.730 that we have, but I'm just saying that's a way 03:19:40.730 --> 03:19:42.680 to bring some efficiency to the market. 03:19:44.130 --> 03:19:45.230 And again, I just think, 03:19:45.230 --> 03:19:47.733 how do we bring load into playing here? 03:19:49.520 --> 03:19:50.460 At the end of the day, 03:19:50.460 --> 03:19:55.460 we can just have a Commission and an ERCOT that continues 03:19:55.710 --> 03:19:58.590 to just figure out how to say, "Yes" to new ideas 03:19:58.590 --> 03:20:01.730 and new technology and new innovation. 03:20:01.730 --> 03:20:05.150 I think that'll bring the value that we all have hoped 03:20:05.150 --> 03:20:07.270 to have in this state for a long, long time. 03:20:07.270 --> 03:20:09.670 So, sorry, I ran long, but thank you for the invite. 03:20:09.670 --> 03:20:11.340 Good to see y'all and thank you for, 03:20:11.340 --> 03:20:12.670 thank you for the job you're doing. 03:20:12.670 --> 03:20:16.080 I go home tonight and sleep well, 03:20:16.080 --> 03:20:20.093 seeing y'all dive into this stuff so deep and early. 03:20:21.850 --> 03:20:25.373 Appreciate it, Pat and Suzanne and Kara. 03:20:26.940 --> 03:20:27.883 Thank you. 03:20:27.883 --> 03:20:32.390 More the, see the Nirvana language spread further 03:20:32.390 --> 03:20:33.760 across there, Pat's Nirvana, 03:20:33.760 --> 03:20:35.910 you should spread further across the panel, 03:20:37.200 --> 03:20:38.990 but we are at one o'clock. 03:20:38.990 --> 03:20:41.129 So, I think let's take a recess. 03:20:41.129 --> 03:20:42.140 Does that work for y'all? 03:20:42.140 --> 03:20:43.260 Yes, sir. 03:20:43.260 --> 03:20:46.860 Let's do a recess for 30 minutes and we'll reconvene 03:20:46.860 --> 03:20:48.833 for the afternoon panels at 1:30. 03:20:50.200 --> 03:20:51.150 Thank you.